言语语言治疗在儿科重症监护病房中为何重要：吞咽困难管理的整合性综述

文献信息

中文摘要

引言/目的： 言语语言治疗师（SLTs）在儿科重症监护病房（PICU）危重儿童吞咽困难的管理中发挥着关键作用。
方法： 采用整合性综述方法。通过在线数据库检索和对2000年至2025年间发表的奠基性著作的引文追溯，识别了涉及PICU吞咽困难管理的生物医学、诊断、康复和社会模式框架的文献，以及关于SLT参与及相关挑战、多学科照护方法和未来研究方向的文献。以英语发表的文献若涉及PICU背景下的吞咽困难管理则符合纳入标准；超出该主题范围或无法获取全文的文献被排除。本整合性综述共综合了106篇文献。
结果： 研究结果在四个互补框架内进行综合：生物医学风险因素、诊断、康复和社会模式框架。
讨论： 本综述强调了SLT对多学科决策的贡献，并强调其超越早期活动路径的临床价值。它还指出了当前挑战，并概述了未来研究以及服务和实践发展的优先事项。
结论： 总体而言，证据表明PICU吞咽困难是动态且多因素的，需要纵向、个体化和情境敏感的管理策略。

英文摘要

INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE: Speech and language therapists (SLTs) play a pivotal role in the management of dysphagia among critically ill children in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs).
METHODS: An integrative review methodology was employed. Literature addressing the biomedical, diagnostic, rehabilitation, and social-model frameworks of dysphagia management in the PICU, together with literature on SLT involvement and related challenges, multidisciplinary care approaches, and future research directions, was identified through online database searches and citation tracing of seminal works published between 2000 and 2025. Sources published in English were eligible for inclusion if they addressed dysphagia management within the PICU context; sources outside this thematic scope or for which the full text was unavailable were excluded. A total of 106 sources were synthesized in this integrative review.
RESULTS: Findings were synthesized within four complementary frameworks: biomedical risk factors, diagnostic, rehabilitation, and social-model frameworks.
DISCUSSION: The review highlights the contribution of SLTs to multidisciplinary decision-making and emphasizes their clinical value beyond early mobilization pathways. It also identifies current challenges and outlines priorities for future research and service and practice development.
CONCLUSION: Overall, the evidence suggests that PICU dysphagia is dynamic and multifactorial, requiring longitudinal, individualized, and context-sensitive management strategies.