中心消毒供应部与手术室低、中、高噪声区域工作人员的职业健康结局

文献信息

中文摘要

目的： 探讨中心消毒供应部（CSSD）和手术室工作人员噪声暴露与职业健康指标之间的关联。
方法： 本横断面观察性研究纳入2025年1月至2026年2月期间在CSSD和手术室工作的100名医疗技术人员。根据医院噪声监测数据，按等效连续声级将工作区域分为低噪声区（<65 dB）、中噪声区（65-75 dB）和高噪声区（>75 dB）。结局包括听力不适、耳鸣、睡眠质量（匹兹堡睡眠质量指数[PSQI]）、注意力表现（数字划消测验）、精神疲劳（精神疲劳量表）、感知工作负荷（NASA任务负荷指数[NASA-TLX]）和热不适。采用二元logistic回归模型分析噪声暴露水平与职业健康结局之间的关联。
结果： 与低噪声区工作人员相比，高噪声区工作人员听力不适和耳鸣发生率更高（P < 0.05），PSQI评分更高（P < 0.01）。高噪声暴露与更差的注意力表现和更严重的精神疲劳显著相关（P < 0.01）。高噪声区NASA-TLX总分显著高于低噪声区（P < 0.01），其中心理需求和时间需求维度的差异最大。在二元logistic回归分析中，高噪声区工作人员耳鸣（OR = 3.82，95% CI：1.92-7.61，P < 0.001）和听力不适（OR = 4.25，95% CI：2.11-8.56，P < 0.001）的比值更高。
结论： 在CSSD和手术室工作人员中，较高的职业噪声暴露与听力不适、较差的睡眠质量、更严重的精神疲劳、更差的注意力表现和更高的感知工作负荷相关。

英文摘要

OBJECTIVE: To explore the associations between noise exposure and occupational health indicators among staff working in the central sterile supply department (CSSD) and operating room.
METHODS: This cross-sectional observational study included 100 healthcare technicians working in the CSSD and operating room between January 2025 and February 2026. Based on the noise monitoring data of the hospital, the work zones were categorized into low-noise zone (<65 dB), medium-noise zone (65-75 dB), and high-noise zone (>75 dB) according to the equivalent continuous sound levels. Outcomes included hearing discomfort, tinnitus, sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI]), attentional performance (Digit Cancellation Test), mental fatigue (Mental Fatigue Scale), perceived workload (the NASA Task Load Index [NASA-TLX]), and thermal discomfort. A binary logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between noise exposure levels and occupational health outcomes.
RESULTS: Compared with staff working in the low-noise zone, those working in high-noise zones had a higher incidence of hearing discomfort and tinnitus ( P < 0.05), and higher PSQI scores ( P < 0.01). High-noise exposure was significantly associated with poorer attentional performance and greater mental fatigue ( P < 0.01). The NASA-TLX total score in the high-noise zone was significantly higher than that in the low-noise zone ( P < 0.01), with the greatest differences observed in mental demand and temporal demand dimensions. In binary logistic regression analysis, staff working in high-noise zones had higher odds of tinnitus (OR = 3.82, 95% CI: 1.92-7.61, P < 0.001) and hearing discomfort (OR = 4.25, 95% CI: 2.11-8.56, P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: Higher occupational noise exposure was associated with hearing discomfort, poorer sleep quality, greater mental fatigue, poorer attentional performance, and higher perceived workload among staff working in CSSDs and operating rooms.