水泥制造业中的噪声污染：环境与职业健康影响及缓解策略的综合综述

文献信息

中文摘要

水泥生产过程在工作场所及其周边环境中是噪声污染一个某种程度上被忽视却相当重要的来源，因为其通过破碎、粉磨和加热等各种活动产生高强度噪声。在随后的论文中，分析了有关水泥生产中噪声污染来源与影响的近期文献，并评估了各种噪声缓解策略的有效性。本文回顾了2015年至2025年的出版物以及部分更早的出版物，重点关注各种噪声来源、对工人和环境的影响以及噪声缓解策略。水泥生产厂内的响度约为68.8-103.3 dB(A)，且呈连续性，不同于其他行业仅以声音爆发为特征的过程。随后对工作相关体验和工人功能的影响包括对听力能力的负面影响、心脏问题、睡眠障碍和压力，而由于响度与粉尘和化学物质的混合，这些影响显著增加；噪声影响动物的行为、交流和栖息地。工程控制、行政控制和设施空间规划共同构成结构化的控制层级，已被证明有效。然而，其落实受到高成本和世界各地监管不一致的阻碍。关于该方法可靠性的多数证据来自单一工厂的横断面研究，缺乏纵向数据。因此，水泥生产过程中的噪声污染对员工构成重大的多方面风险，为有效降低这一风险，必须采取协调一致的工程、行政和监管措施。

英文摘要

The process of cement production is a somewhat neglected yet considerable contributor to noise pollution both in the workplace and its surroundings, as it produces high-intensity noise through various activities such as crushing, grinding, and heating. In the paper that follows, recent literature concerning the sources and effects of noise pollution in cement production is analyzed, and the effectiveness of various noise mitigation strategies is assessed. Publications from 2015 to 2025 were reviewed, along with some prior publications, focusing on various noise sources, effects on workers and the environment, and noise mitigation strategies. Loudness in cement-producing plants is about 68.8-103.3 dB(A) and is continuous in nature, unlike other industries' processes, which are characterized by sound bursts only. Subsequent effects on job-related experiences and workers' functioning include negative effects on hearing ability, heart problems, sleep disorders, and stress, which increases considerably due to the mixture of loudness with dust and chemicals; noise impacts animals' behavior, communication, and habitat. Together, engineering controls, administrative controls, and spatial planning in facilities form a structured control hierarchy that has proven to be effective. However, its implementation is hampered by high cost and inconsistent regulation across regions of the world. Most of the evidence for the reliability of this approach comes from cross-sectional studies of single factories with scarce longitudinal data. Hence, noise pollution in the cement production process presents a major multi-faceted risk for employees, and to mitigate this risk effectively, coordinated engineering, administrative, and regulatory measures must be applied.