儿童发育性、炎性及良恶性岩尖病变的影像学：放射科医师需要了解的内容。

文献信息

中文摘要

颞骨岩部是中央颅底一个复杂的锥体形结构，其内骨性、气房、血管和神经结构紧密相邻，使影像学判读具有挑战性。多种病变可累及该区域，包括炎性、肿瘤性（良性或恶性）、血管性和骨性病变。在儿科人群中，颅底持续发育成熟和正常解剖变异进一步使影像学评估复杂化，并可能模仿病变。横断面影像学发挥核心作用，CT可详细评估骨性结构，MRI则提供更优的软组织表征。熟悉正常发育解剖、常见解剖变异、影像学陷阱以及儿童骨病变的特征性影像学表现，对于准确诊断和恰当的患者管理至关重要。本综述对儿童岩尖病变进行结构化概述，重点介绍影像学方案、正常发育变异以及炎性、肿瘤性、血管性和其他各类实体的关键影像学特征。

英文摘要

The petrous portion of the temporal bone is a complex pyramidal-shaped structure of the central skull base, which contains osseous, air cell, vascular, and neural structures in close proximity, making imaging interpretation challenging. A broad spectrum of lesions may involve this region, including inflammatory, neoplastic (benign or malignant), vascular, and osseous lesions. In the pediatric population, ongoing skull base maturation and normal anatomical variability further complicate imaging assessment and may mimic pathology. Cross-sectional imaging plays a central role, with CT providing detailed assessment of osseous structures and MRI offering superior soft tissue characterization. Familiarity with the normal developmental anatomy, common anatomical variants, imaging pitfalls, and characteristic imaging features of pediatric bone lesions is essential for accurate diagnosis and appropriate patient management. This review provides a structured overview of pediatric petrous apex lesions, emphasizing imaging protocols, normal developmental variants, and key imaging features across inflammatory, neoplastic, vascular, and miscellaneous entities.