神经激肽-1受体拮抗剂（马罗匹坦）治疗犬慢性特发性鼻炎：一项初步研究

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中文摘要

目的： 慢性特发性鼻炎是一种常见的犬鼻腔疾病，病因不明且对治疗反应不佳。在实验动物中，神经激肽-1受体激活与鼻炎相关。本初步研究旨在比较口服神经激肽-1受体拮抗剂（马罗匹坦）与安慰剂对犬慢性特发性鼻炎临床症状的影响。
材料与方法： 前瞻性随机安慰剂对照双盲初步试验。根据临床表现、CT、鼻镜检查和组织病理学结果诊断为慢性特发性鼻炎的18只私家犬被随机分配接受马罗匹坦2 mg/kg（n=9）或安慰剂（n=9）口服，隔日一次，持续4周。使用研究专用的CT和组织病理学评分系统评估疾病严重程度，并采用经过验证的问卷评估鼻部和胃肠道临床症状。在基线时比较各组之间的各项评分。通过每周比较各组之间的鼻部和胃肠道评分来评估治疗反应。
结果： 基线时各组之间的严重程度评分相似。试验结束时（第4周），治疗组和安慰剂组之间的鼻部评分无显著差异[最小二乘均值差：-0.59，95% CI -2.9至1.7]。治疗组的平均评分在第0周为5.7（范围1至11），在第4周为4.9（范围0至12），无统计学显著变化（最小二乘均值：-0.9，95% CI -2.6至0.74）。
临床意义： 对患有慢性特发性鼻炎的犬隔日口服马罗匹坦2 mg/kg并未导致临床症状的临床相关减少。

英文摘要

OBJECTIVES: Chronic idiopathic rhinitis is a common canine nasal disease with unknown aetiology and poor response to treatment. Neurokinin-1 receptor activation has been associated with rhinitis in experimental animals. The aim of this pilot study was to compare the effects of oral neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist (maropitant) with placebo on clinical signs of chronic idiopathic rhinitis in dogs.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective randomised placebo-controlled double-blinded pilot trial. Eighteen privately owned dogs diagnosed with chronic idiopathic rhinitis based on clinical presentation, CT, rhinoscopy and histopathological findings were randomised to receive either maropitant 2 mg/kg (n = 9) or placebo (n = 9) orally, every other day for 4 weeks. Disease severity was assessed using study-specific scoring systems for CT and histopathological findings and derived from a validated questionnaire for nasal and gastrointestinal clinical signs. Each score was compared between groups at baseline. Response to treatment was assessed weekly by comparing the nasal and gastrointestinal scores between groups.
RESULTS: Severity scores were similar between groups at baseline. Nasal scores did not differ significantly between treatment and placebo groups at the end of the trial [week 4; difference in least square means: -0.59, 95% CI -2.9 to 1.7]. The treatment group's mean score was 5.7 (range 1 to 11) at week 0 and 4.9 (range 0 to 12) at week 4, with no statistically significant change (least square means: -0.9, 95% CI -2.6 to 0.74).
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Alternate-day oral administration of maropitant 2 mg/kg in dogs with chronic idiopathic rhinitis did not result in a clinically relevant reduction in clinical signs.