大蒜素对噪声性听力损失大鼠模型影响的探究

文献信息

中文摘要

背景与目的： 噪声性听力损失（NIHL）是感音神经性听力损失的主要原因。然而，有效的药物治疗仍然有限。本研究旨在探讨大蒜素对噪声性听力损失大鼠模型的治疗作用。
材料与方法： 将42只雌性Wistar白化大鼠随机分为六组（每组n=7）：生理盐水组（SF）、大蒜素组、二甲基亚砜组（DMSO）、噪声+SF组、噪声+大蒜素+DMSO组和噪声+DMSO组。噪声暴露采用4 kHz倍频程带噪声，声压级（SPL）为120 dB，持续4小时。噪声暴露后连续7天腹腔注射大蒜素（20 mg/kg/天）。在基线、24小时和第7天测量8、12、16、20和32 kHz的听性脑干反应（ABR）阈值（dB SPL）。安乐死后进行耳蜗组织病理学评估。
结果： 噪声暴露显著提高了所有噪声暴露组的ABR阈值。在第7天，噪声+大蒜素+DMSO组在16、20和32 kHz的ABR阈值显著低于噪声+SF组，在20和32 kHz显著低于噪声+DMSO组（p<0.05）。在较低频率未观察到显著差异。组织病理学分析显示大蒜素治疗组耳蜗损伤有减轻趋势；然而，差异无统计学意义。
结论： 大蒜素治疗改善了噪声性听力损失大鼠的高频听力阈值。然而，缺乏显著的组织病理学和机制发现表明需要进一步的分子和区域特异性研究。

英文摘要

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a major cause of sensorineural hearing loss. However, effective pharmacological treatments remain limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of allicin on NIHL in a rat model.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-two female Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into six groups (n= 7 per group): saline (SF), allicin, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), noise+SF, noise+allicin+DMSO, and noise+DMSO. Noise exposure was performed using 4 kHz octave-band noise at a sound pressure level (SPL) of 120 dB for 4 hours. Allicin (20 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally) was administered for 7 days following noise exposure. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds (dB SPL) were measured at 8, 12, 16, 20, and 32 kHz at baseline, 24 hours, and day 7. Histopathological evaluation of the cochlea was performed after euthanasia.
RESULTS: Noise exposure significantly increased ABR thresholds in all noise-exposed groups. On day 7, the noise+allicin+ DMSO group demonstrated significantly lower ABR thresholds at 16, 20, and 32 kHz compared with the noise+SF group and at 20 and 32 kHz compared with the noise+DMSO group (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed at lower frequencies. Histopathological analysis showed a trend toward reduced cochlear damage in the allicin-treated group; however, the differences were not statistically significant.
CONCLUSIONS: Allicin treatment improved high-frequency hearing thresholds in rats with NIHL. However, the absence of significant histopathological and mechanistic findings indicates that further molecular and region-specific studies are required.