健康犬与猫吞咽视频荧光透视指标的物种比较

文献信息

中文摘要

背景： 视频荧光透视吞咽研究（VFSS）是诊断兽医物种吞咽困难的金标准。然而，猫缺乏正常吞咽变量，阻碍了对可能患有呼吸消化道疾病的猫的评估。吞咽的物种差异可能导致对VFSS发现的过度和不足解读，从而导致误诊。
假设/目的： 使用VFSS比较猫和犬之间客观吞咽指标的差异。我们假设与犬相比，猫在VFSS上的客观吞咽指标会显示出差异。
动物： 无呼吸道或消化道疾病临床体征（CS）的健康成年猫（n = 13）和犬（n = 12）。
方法： 前瞻性横断面研究。猫和犬接受了标准化VFSS。所有动物均根据16项客观指标进行评估，并在物种间进行比较。组间比较使用Mann-Whitney-U检验、T检验或Fischer精确检验，所有比较的显著性水平为P < .05。
结果： 与犬相比，猫的吞咽间期显著更长、咽部通过时间更短，且产生原发性蠕动需要更多咽部吞咽（P < .05）。与犬相比，猫也更可能出现食管容积积聚和远端食管通过时间减慢（P < .05）。在2只（15.4%）猫与6只（50%）犬中发现了生理性反流。尽管缺乏呼吸道或消化道CS，在1只猫中发现了病理性穿透-误吸（P-A评分：7；误吸但未尝试咳嗽）。
结论与临床意义： 在解读VFSS时应考虑物种差异。在1只猫中，检测到隐匿性造影剂气管误吸（P-A评分7），但未伴有咳嗽。

英文摘要

BACKGROUND: Videofluoroscopic swallow studies (VFSS) are the criterion standard for diagnosing dysphagia in veterinary species. However, a lack of normative swallowing variables in cats hinders assessment of cats with potential aerodigestive disease. Species variation in swallowing could lead to over- and under-interpretation of findings on VFSS, resulting in misdiagnosis.
HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: Compare differences in objective swallowing metrics between cats and dogs using VFSS. We hypothesize that cats will show differences in objective swallowing metrics on VFSS compared with dogs.
ANIMALS: Healthy adult cats (n = 13) and dogs (n = 12) without clinical signs (CS) of respiratory or alimentary disease.
METHODS: Prospective, cross-sectional study. Cats and dogs underwent standardized VFSS. All were evaluated according to 16 objective metrics and compared between species. Between group comparisons were made using Mann-Whitney-U, T-test, or Fischer's exact test with a P < .05 significance level for all comparisons.
RESULTS: Cats had significantly longer inter-swallow intervals, shorter pharyngeal transit times, and more pharyngeal swallows to generate primary peristalsis compared with dogs (P < .05). Cats were also more likely to have esophageal volume accumulation and slowing of distal esophageal transit time compared with dogs (P < .05). Physiologic reflux was identified in 2 (15.4%) cats vs 6 (50%) dogs. Pathologic penetration-aspiration (P-A score: 7; aspiration without attempt to cough) was found in 1 cat despite a lack of respiratory or alimentary CS.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Species variation should be considered when interpreting VFSS. In 1 cat, occult tracheal aspiration of contrast (P-A score 7) was detected without accompanying cough.