人类清醒与睡眠期间的呼吸诱发电位

文献信息

中文摘要

背景： 呼吸调节皮层活动和认知功能，但大脑-呼吸关系的神经生理学基础尚未完全明了。我们旨在确定静息呼吸是否诱发头皮脑电图可检测的电位（如同吸气闭塞在呼吸相关诱发电位模型中所做的那样），这些特征是否在睡眠期间持续存在，以及它们是否与睡眠组织过程相关。方法：我们检查了克利夫兰家庭研究中729名参与者的记录，以识别清醒和睡眠期间与吸气时间锁定的皮层活动，每位参与者分析的中位呼吸周期数为7871个。在时域和频域评估呼吸相关的皮层反应。结果：安静呼吸在清醒期间诱发可重复的皮层电位序列，包括吸气前约300毫秒的前吸气成分和吸气后≤3秒的若干后吸气峰。这些反应在非快速眼动2期和3期（N2和N3）以及快速眼动（REM）睡眠期间持续存在，在睡眠中它们显示出类似K复合波的简化形态，并与纺锤波范围活动增加同时出现。该模式与体重指数无关，并且在203名无睡眠呼吸障碍的参与者中定性不变，反对肥胖或睡眠呼吸暂停作为其起源。结论：头皮脑电图可在清醒人类的安静呼吸期间检测到呼吸诱发电位。这些电位在睡眠期间持续存在，其形态类似于先前与睡眠稳定相关的皮层活动。需要进一步研究以确定这些观察在健康和疾病中的生理和临床意义。关键点：静息时的自发呼吸诱发可重复的呼吸相关皮层电位，可通过头皮脑电图检测。这些电位在睡眠期间持续存在。它们与皮层振荡活动的时间锁定调制相关。

英文摘要

Breathing modulates cortical activities and cognitive functions, but the neurophysiological basis of the brain-breathing relationship is incompletely understood. We aimed to determine whether breathing at rest evokes scalp EEG-detectable potentials (as inspiratory occlusions do in the respiratory-related evoked potential model), whether these signatures persist during sleep and whether they are linked to sleep-organizing processes. We examined recordings from 729 participants in the Cleveland Family Study to identify cortical activity time-locked to inspiration during wakefulness and sleep, with a median of 7871 respiratory cycles analysed per participant. Breathing-related cortical responses were assessed in the time and frequency domains. Quiet breathing evoked a reproducible sequence of cortical potentials during wakefulness, including a pre-inspiratory component ∼300 ms before inspiration and several post-inspiratory peaks ≤3 s after. These responses persisted during non-rapid eye movement stages 2 and 3 (N2 and N3) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, in which they showed simplified morphology resembling K-complexes and co-occurred with increased spindle-range activity. The pattern was present irrespective of body mass index and was qualitatively unchanged in the 203 participants free of sleep-disordered breathing, arguing against obesity or sleep apnoea as its origin. Scalp EEG can detect breathing-evoked potentials during quiet breathing in awake humans. These potentials persist during sleep with a morphology that resembles cortical activities previously associated with sleep stabilization. Further studies are needed to determine the physiological and clinical significance of these observations in health and disease. KEY POINTS: Spontaneous breathing at rest evokes reproducible breathing-related cortical potentials detectable with scalp EEG. These potentials persist during sleep. They are associated with time-locked modulation of cortical oscillatory activity.