犬猫真菌性外耳炎17例

文献信息

中文摘要

背景： 外耳炎（OE）在犬猫中常见。由非马拉色菌属真菌引起的真菌性外耳炎（FOE）相对少见。关于临床表现、危险因素以及品种或物种易感性的综合信息仍然稀少。在本病例系列中，我们描述了中国17只患有FOE的伴侣动物。
目的： 描述犬猫FOE的临床症状、潜在危险因素和治疗。
动物： 17例：4只犬和13只猫。
材料与方法： 对2022年至2024年间就诊于皮肤科专科诊所的外耳炎病例的医疗记录进行回顾性审查。纳入真菌培养结果阳性的记录。提取病例的人口学、诊断和治疗信息。
结果： 从13只动物（3只犬、10只猫）中分离出曲霉属，从1只犬和2只猫中分离出犬小孢子菌，另有1只猫为混合感染，左耳为犬小孢子菌，右耳为曲霉属。最常见的临床体征是耵聍过多和瘙痒。在16例接受抗真菌治疗的病例中，13例接受口服与外用联合治疗，3例仅接受口服治疗。
结论与临床意义： 在慢性或复发性外耳炎病例中不应忽视曲霉属或皮肤癣菌感染。渗出物的细胞学检查和真菌培养有助于建立FOE的诊断。需要更大规模的前瞻性研究来阐明FOE的危险因素和适当治疗。

英文摘要

BACKGROUND: Otitis externa (OE) is common in dogs and cats. Fungal OE (FOE) caused by non-Malassezia species fungi is relatively uncommon. Comprehensive information on clinical manifestations, risk factors and breeds or species predispositions remains sparse. In this case series, we describe 17 companion animals in China with FOE.
OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical signs, potential risk factors and treatment of FOE in dogs and cats.
ANIMALS: Seventeen cases: four dogs and 13 cats.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of medical records of cases presented to dermatology specialty practices for OE between 2022 and 2024 was performed. Records with positive fungal culture results were included. Case demographic, diagnostic and treatment information was extracted.
RESULTS: Aspergillus spp. was isolated from 13 animals (three dogs, 10 cats), Microsporum canis from one dog and two cats, and one cat had a mixed infection with M. canis in the left ear and Aspergillus spp. in the right. The most common clinical signs were excessive cerumen and pruritus. Of 16 cases that received antifungal treatment, 13 received combined oral and topical therapy, and three received only oral therapy.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Aspergillus spp. or dermatophyte infection should not be overlooked in cases of chronic or recurrent OE. Cytological examination of exudates and fungal culture are useful for establishing the diagnosis of FOE. Larger prospective studies are needed to elucidate risk factors and appropriate treatment for FOE.