中国东部沿海省份成人听力损失患者服务利用差异及听力学特征的观察

文献信息

中文摘要

背景与目的： 听力损失是影响沟通、社会参与和生活质量的重要公共卫生问题。迄今为止，中国寻求听力保健服务的成人大规模人口学和听力学特征数据仍然有限。我们旨在汇总中国部分东部沿海省份首次申请听力保健服务的成人的人口学和听力学特征，重点关注观察到的服务利用中与服务类型和地区相关的模式。
研究对象与方法： 本多中心回顾性研究纳入2025年1月至6月期间首次寻求听力保健服务的2,413例成人初诊患者，其中2,242例就诊于公立医院，171例就诊于私立助听器诊所。人口学和听力学数据提取自机构数据库。听力损失严重程度采用较好耳四频率平均听阈评分评估。组间差异采用方差分析和卡方检验分析。采用多元线性回归识别与听力损失严重程度相关的因素。
结果： 患者平均年龄为55.65岁（51.1%为男性）。就诊于私立助听器诊所的患者显著年长于就诊于公立医院者，且听力损失更严重。感音神经性听力损失最常见（56.8%），其次为听力正常（29.1%）、混合性听力损失（12.4%）和传导性听力损失（1.7%）。观察到性别分布和听力损失特征存在地区差异。
结论： 本多中心回顾性研究描述了中国东部沿海省份部分听力保健机构就诊成人的观察服务利用情况及服务类型特异的听力学特征差异。就诊于由同一提供方运营的参与私立助听器诊所的患者通常年龄更大且听力损失更严重，而公立医院接诊的患者群体更广泛、更具异质性。这些发现应作描述性解读，可能有助于促进更早的听力筛查、转诊协调以及诊断性与康复导向听力保健服务的整合。

英文摘要

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: : Hearing loss is a major public health concern that hampers communication, social participation, and quality of life. To date, large-scale demographic and audiometric characteristic data for adults seeking hearing care services in China are limited. We aimed to assemble demographic and audiometric profiles for adults requesting hearing care services for the first time in selected eastern coastal provinces of China, with a focus on service- and region-specific patterns in observed service utilization.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS: : This multicenter retrospective study included 2,413 adult first-time patients who initially sought hearing care services between January and June 2025, including 2,242 patients who visited public hospitals and 171 patients who visited private hearing aid clinics. Demographic and audiometric data were extracted from institutional databases. Hearing loss severity was assessed using better-ear four-frequency average hearing loss scores. Differences between groups were analyzed using analysis of variance and chi-square tests. Multiple linear regression was performed to identify factors associated with hearing loss severity.
RESULTS: : Mean patient age was 55.65 years (51.1% were male). Patients attending private hearing aid clinics were significantly older than those visiting public hospitals and had more severe hearing loss. Sensorineural hearing loss was the most common (56.8%), followed by normal hearing (29.1%), mixed hearing loss (12.4%), and conductive hearing loss (1.7%). Regional differences in sex distribution and hearing loss profiles were observed.
CONCLUSIONS: : This multicenter retrospective study describes observed service utilization and service-specific audiometric profile differences among adults presenting at selected hearing care institutions in Chinese eastern coastal provinces. Patients attending participating private hearing aid clinics operated by one provider were generally older and had more severe hearing loss, whereas public hospitals received a broader and more heterogeneous patient population. These findings should be interpreted descriptively and may help encourage earlier hearing screening, referral coordination, and integration of diagnostic and rehabilitation-oriented hearing care services.