老年猫软腭表皮样囊肿：一例病例报告

文献信息

中文摘要

背景： 口腔内表皮样囊肿在猫中罕见。本文报告一例起源于老年猫软腭的表皮样囊肿的临床、影像学、手术及组织病理学表现。方法：一只17岁绝育雌性家养短毛猫表现为轻度流涎和吞咽困难。计算机断层扫描显示一个边界清楚、轻度对比增强的肿块，大小为8.5 × 9.9 × 10.0 mm，起源于右侧远端软腭。该肿块主要突入口咽部并导致轻度鼻咽移位，无骨侵犯或中耳受累的证据。结果：进行了手术切除，组织病理学检查显示一个由角化复层鳞状上皮衬覆、内含角化碎屑的囊肿，符合良性表皮样囊肿。切除后不再观察到流涎和吞咽困难，尽管这一改善仅记录到约24小时，随后出现严重胃肠功能障碍和反复癫痫发作。结论：尽管反复口腔黏膜刺激被认为是可能的促成因素，但囊肿的先天性或获得性起源无法确定。本病例提示，在猫口腔囊性病变的鉴别诊断中应考虑表皮样囊肿。

英文摘要

Epidermoid cysts within the oral cavity are rare in cats. Here, we report the clinical, imaging, surgical, and histopathological findings of an epidermoid cyst originating from the soft palate of a geriatric cat. A 17-year-old neutered female domestic shorthaired cat presented with mild hypersalivation and dysphagia. Computed tomography revealed a well-circumscribed, minimally contrast-enhancing mass measuring 8.5 × 9.9 × 10.0 mm arising from the right distal soft palate. The mass protruded predominantly into the oropharynx and caused mild nasopharyngeal displacement, without evidence of bone invasion or middle ear involvement. Surgical excision was performed, and histopathological examination revealed a cyst lined with keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium containing keratinaceous debris, which was consistent with a benign epidermoid cyst. Hypersalivation and dysphagia were no longer observed after excision, although this improvement was documented for only approximately 24 h before severe gastrointestinal dysfunction and recurrent seizures developed. Although repeated oral mucosal irritation was considered a possible contributing factor, the congenital or acquired origin of the cyst could not be definitively determined. This case highlights that epidermoid cysts should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cystic lesions of the oral cavity in cats.