体育锻炼能否改善成人过敏性鼻炎症状？随机对照试验的系统评价

文献信息

中文摘要

背景： 本系统评价旨在评估结构化体育锻炼在减轻成人过敏性鼻炎症状和改善临床结局方面的有效性。
方法： 系统检索了MEDLINE、CINAHL、Web of Science和Cochrane Library等电子数据库。本评价纳入涉及临床诊断为过敏性鼻炎或具有过敏性致敏客观证据的成人的随机对照试验（RCT）。采用偏倚风险2工具评价纳入文章的质量。检索时间从数据库建库至2026年3月4日。方案已在PROSPERO注册（CRD420261283259）。
结果： 共识别出3,811条记录，最终纳入7项RCT，涉及395名参与者。运动干预总体上与过敏性鼻炎症状、鼻功能和炎症生物标志物的改善相关。两项研究的合并数据显示，运动干预组在峰值鼻吸气流量方面较对照组有显著改善（SMD 0.99，95% CI 0.41至1.56；p < 0.01；I² = 0%）。
结论： 本系统评价总结了现有RCT，显示运动可能改善过敏性鼻炎症状和临床指标。然而，当前证据仍受样本量小和研究间异质性的限制，应谨慎解读这些发现。

英文摘要

BACKGROUND: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of structured physical exercise in reducing symptoms and improving clinical outcomes in adults with allergic rhinitis.
METHODS: Electronic databases including MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched. This review included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving adults with clinically diagnosed allergic rhinitis or objective evidence of allergic sensitization. The quality of the included articles was appraised by the Risk of Bias 2 Tool. Searches were conducted from database inception to 4 March 2026. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420261283259).
RESULTS: A total of 3,811 records were identified, with seven RCTs involving 395 participants included in the review. Exercise interventions were generally associated with improvements in allergic rhinitis symptoms, nasal function, and inflammatory biomarkers. Pooled data from two studies demonstrated a significant improvement in peak nasal inspiratory flow favouring exercise interventions over control (SMD 0.99, 95% CI 0.41 to 1.56; p < 0.01; I² = 0%).
CONCLUSION: This systematic review summarized the available RCTs showing that exercise may improve allergic rhinitis symptoms and clinical indicators. However, the current evidence remains limited by small sample sizes and heterogeneity across studies, and the findings should be interpreted with caution.