助听器使用者中流体智力与噪声中言语表现之间的关联受掩蔽类型和可懂度标准调节

文献信息

中文摘要

目的： 本研究考察流体智力如何影响使用助听器的年龄相关性听力损失成人的噪声中言语感知（SPIN）。我们进一步探究掩蔽类型（信息性掩蔽与能量性掩蔽）和可懂度标准（50%与80%）是否调节这一关系。
方法： 分析199名成年助听器使用者的数据，这些受试者在两种掩蔽类型（语音形噪声、四说话者嘈杂语）和两种可懂度标准（50%、80%）下完成Hagerman SPIN测试。流体智力采用Raven渐进矩阵测量。线性混合效应模型评估流体智力、掩蔽类型、可懂度标准及其交互作用对所需信噪比（SNR）的影响，并控制工作记忆容量、年龄和听阈。
结果： 较高的流体智力预测更好的SPIN表现（所需SNR更低）。虽然流体智力与掩蔽类型或可懂度标准单独之间未出现显著的二向交互作用，但显著的三向交互作用显示，流体智力的预测效应在80%可懂度的四说话者嘈杂语条件下最强。在这些组合条件下，流体智力较高的个体需要更低的SNR。
结论： 本研究表明，较高的流体智力与听力损失个体更好的SPIN表现相关，且当聆听条件包含信息性掩蔽且可懂度标准较高时，这种关联更强。这提示流体智力——一种支持推理和模式识别的认知能力——在挑战性聆听条件下多种认知需求来源结合时变得尤为重要。

英文摘要

PURPOSE: This study examined how fluid intelligence contributes to speech perception in noise (SPIN) among adults with age-related hearing loss who use hearing aids. We further investigated whether masker type (informational vs. energetic masking) and intelligibility criterion (50% vs. 80%) moderate this relationship.
METHOD: Data were analyzed from 199 adult hearing aid users who completed the Hagerman SPIN test under two masker types (speech-shaped noise, four-talker babble) and two intelligibility criteria (50%, 80%). Fluid intelligence was measured using Raven's Progressive Matrices. Linear mixed-effects models assessed the effects of fluid intelligence, masker type, intelligibility criterion, and their interactions on required signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), controlling for working memory capacity, age, and hearing thresholds.
RESULTS: Higher fluid intelligence predicted better SPIN performance (lower required SNR). While no significant two-way interactions emerged between fluid intelligence and masker type or intelligibility criterion alone, a significant three-way interaction showed that the predictive effect of fluid intelligence was strongest in the four-talker babble condition at 80% intelligibility. Under these combined conditions, individuals with higher fluid intelligence required lower SNRs.
CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that higher fluid intelligence is linked to better SPIN performance in individuals with hearing loss and that this association is stronger when listening conditions include an informational masker and the intelligibility criterion is higher. This suggests that fluid intelligence-a cognitive ability that supports reasoning and pattern recognition-becomes particularly important when multiple sources of cognitive demand are combined in challenging listening conditions.