眩晕与眼震：速度储存积分器在颅骨振动诱发眼震（SVIN）中的作用

文献信息

中文摘要

本文综述了产生眩晕与眼震的前庭神经机制。角加速度激活脑干中的一组神经元，使人产生旋转的感觉。但在加速度结束后很久，这些神经元仍持续放电；它们持续活动，引起后眼震，我认为这便产生了当人实际静止时仍感觉自己在继续旋转的虚假感觉。这种虚假感觉、这种错觉，被称为眩晕，其神经基础就是脑干中这一神经元集群在旋转停止后很久仍持续发出旋转信号。任何其他使这组神经元产生活动的过程——疾病、功能障碍、其他感觉输入——也会导致那种虚假的旋转感觉——眩晕。这组神经元被称为速度储存积分器（VSI）。该VSI网络的运作与调控恶心和姿势稳定性的神经系统直接相连，并且是产生眩晕主观感觉的神经环路的关键部分。VSI接受来自前庭、视动和本体感觉系统的输入，并投射到许多神经系统以产生眼震、感觉、恶心和姿势反应。

英文摘要

This paper reviews the vestibular neural mechanisms that generate vertigo and nystagmus. Angular acceleration activates a group of neurons in the brainstem that cause the person to have the sensation of turning. But long after the end of the acceleration, these neurons continue to fire; they perseverate, causing afternystagmus, and I contend that this gives the false sensation that the person is continuing to turn when they are actually stationary. That false sensation, that illusion, is called vertigo, and the neural basis for it is the continued firing of this cluster of neurons in the brainstem which signal turning-firing long after the turn has stopped. Any other process that generates activity of this group of neurons-disease, dysfunction, other sensory input-will also result in that false sensation of turning-vertigo. The group of neurons is called the velocity storage integrator (VSI). The operation of this VSI network is directly linked to neural systems controlling nausea and postural stability, and it is a key part of a neural circuit generating the subjective sensation of vertigo. The VSI receives input from vestibular, optokinetic, and proprioceptive systems, and it projects to many neural systems to generate nystagmus, sensation, nausea, and postural responses.