[正颌手术治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停]。

文献信息

中文摘要

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停是一种常见且往往严重的呼吸障碍，其特征为睡眠期间上气道反复发生部分或完全阻塞。该病的诊断和治疗较为复杂，需要多个专科的协作。其病因是多因素的，肥胖、年龄、性别、吸烟、饮酒和药物使用、遗传因素以及解剖异常均在疾病发生中起重要作用。颌骨形态异常正日益被认为是呼吸障碍的原因之一。因此，正颌手术在治疗某些类型阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停中的作用正变得越来越重要。本文基于国际文献和个人经验，描述正颌手术在治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停中的作用。它探讨面部美学异常与睡眠呼吸暂停之间的关系、颅面结构如何影响气道通畅性、颌骨手术改善气道阻塞的机制、支持其有效性的证据以及影响结局的因素。本研究的总体目标是确定在哪些阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停病例中值得施行正颌手术，无论是作为单独治疗还是作为联合治疗的一部分。Orv Hetil. 2026; 167(43): 1730-1738。

英文摘要

Obstructive sleep apnea is a common, often serious breathing disorder characterised by repeated partial or complete obstruction of the upper airway during sleep. The diagnosis and treatment of this condition are complex and require collaboration between several specialists. The aetiology is multifactorial, with obesity, age, sex, smoking, alcohol and drug use, genetic factors, and anatomical abnormalities all playing an important role in the development of the condition. Morphological abnormalities of the jawbones are increasingly being recognised as a cause of respiratory disorders. Thus, the role of orthognathic surgery is becoming increasingly important in the treatment of certain types of obstructive sleep apnea. This paper describes the role of orthognathic surgery in treating obstructive sleep apnea, based on international literature and personal experience. It investigates the relationship between facial aesthetic abnormalities and sleep apnea, how craniofacial structure affects airway patency, the mechanisms by which jaw surgery can improve airway obstruction, the evidence supporting its effectiveness, and the factors that influence outcomes. The overarching aim of the current research is to determine in which cases of obstructive sleep apnea it is worthwhile to perform orthognathic surgery, either as a standalone treatment or as part of a combination therapy. Orv Hetil. 2026; 167(43): 1730-1738.