嗅觉训练与超越嗅觉的患者中心结局：系统综述与荟萃分析
Olfactory Training and Patient-Centered Outcomes Beyond Smell: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
文献信息
| PMID | 42927434 |
|---|---|
| 原文 | 在 PubMed 查看原文 ↗ |
| 发表日期 | 2026 |
| 作者 | Joon Soo Kim |
| 作者单位 | Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. |
| 期刊 | International forum of allergy & rhinology |
| SCI 分区 | Q1 |
| IF | 4.9 |
| 研究类型 | 综述 Meta · 临床 |
| 所属专科 | 鼻科 |
中文摘要
背景： 嗅觉功能障碍（OD）与生活质量（QOL）下降、抑郁症状及认知功能减退相关，新出现的证据提示嗅觉训练（OT）可能减轻OD及其更广泛的影响。本综述旨在系统评价OT对QOL、抑郁和认知结局的影响。
方法： 检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane、Scopus和Web of Science中1990年至2025年发表的研究。研究筛选和数据提取遵循PRISMA指南。纳入评价OT对QOL、抑郁症状或认知功能影响的研究。采用随机效应模型合并组内标准化均值变化（SMC）和组间标准化均值差（SMD）。
结果： 共51项研究符合纳入标准，其中19项纳入定量合成。OT与嗅觉特异性QOL改善相关（嗅觉障碍问卷[QOD] SMC=1.29；95% CI [0.04-2.55]）。在对照试验中，OT在QOD改善方面较无OT具有显著优势（QOD SMD=0.40；95% CI：0.04-0.76）。OT与整体认知表现的适度改善相关（蒙特利尔认知评估均值差=0.65；95% CI [0.35, 0.94]），但未观察到对抑郁症状的显著影响（贝克抑郁量表SMC=-0.20；95% CI：[-0.55, 0.14]）。
结论： OT与嗅觉特异性QOL改善及认知获益相关。这些发现支持OT作为一种低成本干预措施，有助于应对OD患者所经历的多方面挑战，同时强调需要样本量充足的研究来阐明其治疗OD相关抑郁的有效性。
英文摘要
BACKGROUND: Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is associated with diminished quality of life (QOL), depressive symptoms, and cognitive decline, and emerging evidence suggests that olfactory training (OT) may mitigate both OD and its broader impacts. This review aims to systematically evaluate the effects of OT on QOL, depression, and cognitive outcomes.
METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for studies published between 1990 and 2025. PRISMA guidelines were followed for study screening and data extraction. Studies evaluating the effects of OT on QOL, depressive symptoms, or cognitive function were included. Random-effects models were used to pool within-group standardized mean changes (SMC) and between-group standardized mean differences (SMD).
RESULTS: Fifty-one studies met inclusion criteria, with 19 included in quantitative synthesis. OT was associated with improvement in olfactory-specific QOL (Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders [QOD] SMC = 1.29; 95% CI [0.04-2.55]). Among controlled trials, OT produced a significant advantage in QOD improvement over no-OT (QOD SMD = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.04-0.76). OT was associated with a modest improvement in global cognitive performance (Montreal Cognitive Assessment mean difference = 0.65; 95% CI [0.35, 0.94]), but no significant effect was observed on depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory SMC = -0.20; 95% CI: [-0.55, 0.14]).
CONCLUSIONS: OT is associated with improved olfactory-specific QOL and cognitive benefits. These findings support the potential of OT as a low-cost intervention to support the multifaceted challenges experienced by individuals with OD, while highlighting the need for adequately powered studies to clarify its effectiveness for treating OD-associated depression.