噪声、不平等与心理健康：墨西哥州的城市挑战

文献信息

中文摘要

背景： 环境噪声日益成为公共卫生关注的问题，其影响不仅限于听力损失，还包括焦虑和抑郁。然而在 Global South，证据仍然有限，大多数研究主要关注客观暴露测量，而噪声体验的主观维度仍较少被探讨。本研究考察墨西哥州家庭中社会人口学特征、感知噪声与心理健康之间的关系，并考虑城乡差异。方法：数据来自一项概率分层家庭调查（n = 400）。采用结构方程模型（SEM），使用经膨胀因子调整的对角加权最小二乘估计量，并通过 IDW 插值进行探索性空间分析，以探讨预测结局的地域模式。结果：研究结果表明，家庭规模是感知噪声的显著预测因素，家庭规模越大，报告的噪声水平越高。感知噪声与抑郁症状显著相关，但与焦虑无关；居住在城市市镇与更高水平的抑郁直接相关，且独立于感知噪声。空间分析进一步显示，高感知噪声和抑郁的模式集中在都市地区。结论：总体而言，结果表明环境噪声是墨西哥州与心理健康相关的一个相关但适度的环境因素，尤其是在城市背景下，这表明在应对地域差异的规划和公共卫生工作中，应将其与其他城市压力源一并考虑。

英文摘要

Environmental noise is an increasing public health concern, with effects that extend beyond hearing loss to include anxiety and depression. In the Global South, however, evidence remains limited, and most studies focus primarily on objective exposure measures, while subjective dimensions of noise experience remain less explored. This study examines the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics, perceived noise, and mental health in households of the State of Mexico, considering urban-rural differences. Data were collected from a probabilistic, stratified household survey (n = 400). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied using the diagonally weighted least squares estimator adjusted with expansion factors, and an exploratory spatial analysis was conducted through IDW interpolation to explore territorial patterns in predicted outcomes. The findings indicate that household size was a significant predictor of perceived noise, with larger households reporting higher levels. Perceived noise was significantly associated with depressive symptoms but not with anxiety, and living in urban municipalities was directly associated with higher levels of depression, independent of perceived noise. Spatial analysis further revealed that patterns of high perceived noise and depression are concentrated in metropolitan areas. Overall, the results suggest that environmental noise is a relevant, though modest, environmental factor associated with mental health in the State of Mexico, particularly in urban contexts, indicating that it merits consideration alongside other urban stressors in planning and public health efforts addressing territorial disparities.