三个亚洲国家社区居住老年人口腔功能减退的国际比较：一项横断面多国研究
International comparison of oral hypofunction among community-dwelling older adults in three asian countries: A cross-sectional and multi-national study.
文献信息
| PMID | 42923727 |
|---|---|
| 原文 | 在 PubMed 查看原文 ↗ |
| 发表日期 | 2026 |
| 作者 | Ryosuke Yanagida |
| 作者单位 | Department of Dysphagia Rehabilitation, Graduate Schools of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. |
| 期刊 | Journal of dental sciences |
| SCI 分区 | Q1 |
| IF | 3.7 |
| 研究类型 | 临床研究 · 临床 |
| 所属专科 | 咽喉科 |
中文摘要
背景/目的： 在老龄化的亚洲社会中，老年人口腔功能减退日益受到重视，而大多数流行病学研究是在日本进行的。我们旨在比较日本、台湾和泰国社区居住老年人的口腔功能。
材料与方法： 纳入参加横滨、台北和彭世洛健康调查（2022年5月至2024年9月）的年龄≥60岁的社区居住老年人。记录年龄、性别、体重指数（BMI）和义齿使用情况。采用日本老年齿科学会诊断框架，评估口腔功能减退的七个组成部分：口腔卫生、口腔干燥、咬合力、舌唇运动功能、舌压、咀嚼功能和吞咽功能。采用卡方检验、单因素方差分析和Kruskal-Wallis检验考察各研究地点之间的差异。进行了排除口腔轮替运动标准的探索性敏感性分析，以及校正年龄、性别、BMI和义齿使用的多变量logistic回归分析。
结果： 在3个研究地点的179名参与者中，除口腔干燥外，所有口腔功能标准均观察到显著差异。横滨、台北和彭世洛的口腔功能减退患病率分别为41.1%、83.1%和56.3%。在校正年龄、性别、BMI和义齿使用后，台北参与者口腔功能减退的比值显著高于横滨参与者。彭世洛参与者的比值较高，但未达到显著性。
结论： 口腔功能减退在三个亚洲研究地点的参与者中普遍存在，但患病率和各组成部分的特征存在差异。需要更大规模的多区域研究和适合当地的参考值，以实现有效的跨地点和跨国比较。
英文摘要
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: In aging Asian societies, oral hypofunction among older adults has gained importance, with most epidemiological studies conducted in Japan. We aimed to compare oral function in community-dwelling older adults in Japan, Taiwan, and Thailand.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Community-dwelling older adults aged ≥60 years who participated in Yokohama, Taipei, and Phitsanulok health surveys (May 2022-September 2024) were included. Age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and denture use data were recorded. Using the Japanese Society of Gerodontology diagnostic framework, seven oral hypofunction components were evaluated: oral hygiene, oral dryness, occlusal force, tongue-lip motor function, tongue pressure, masticatory function, and swallowing function. Between-site differences were examined using chi-square tests, one-way analysis of variance, and a Kruskal-Wallis test. Exploratory sensitivity analysis excluding the oral diadochokinesis criterion and multivariable logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, BMI, and denture use were conducted.
RESULTS: Significant differences were observed among 179 participants in the 3 study sites concerning all oral function criteria, except oral dryness. Oral hypofunction prevalence was 41.1 %, 83.1 %, and 56.3 %, in Yokohama, Taipei, and Phitsanulok, respectively. After adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and denture use, participants in Taipei demonstrated significantly higher odds of oral hypofunction than did those in Yokohama. Participants in Phitsanulok demonstrated higher odds; however, it did not reach significance.
CONCLUSION: Oral hypofunction was common among the participants across the three Asian study sites, whereas prevalence and component profiles differed. Larger, multi-region studies and locally appropriate reference values are needed to enable valid cross-site and cross-country comparisons.