沙特阿拉伯成年人群中阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的患病率：系统综述与荟萃分析

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中文摘要

背景： 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）是一种常见但常被忽视的疾病，可带来严重的心代谢和神经认知后果。沙特阿拉伯的多项研究报告了不同的患病率数据。
目的： 估算沙特阿拉伯成年人中OSA的合并患病率。
方法： 本系统综述与荟萃分析于2025年5月至8月期间按照PRISMA 2020指南开展。纳入报告成年人（≥16岁）OSA患病率的观察性研究。采用Freeman-Tukey变换的随机效应模型计算合并患病率。使用I2统计量判定异质性。按人群、诊断工具、样本量和地区进行亚组分析。
结果： 共纳入33项研究、18,403名参与者。OSA的总体合并患病率为26.96%（95%置信区间[CI]：20.98%-33.38%），异质性较高（I2=98.9%）。这一显著异质性主要归因于研究人群的差异（一般人群与高危人群）以及各纳入研究所采用的诊断标准不同。一般人群中的患病率为15.95%（95%CI：11.80%-20.60%），高危人群中为42.60%（95%CI：29.47%-56.27%）。诊断方法影响估计值，多导睡眠监测（34.1%）和STOP-BANG（33.8%）所得患病率高于柏林问卷（28.5%）。观察到地区差异，利雅得的患病率高于麦加。
结论： 约四分之一的沙特成年人可能患有OSA，高危人群中的患病率明显更高。这些发现强调需要开展全国性筛查项目并采取有针对性的干预措施，以减轻未确诊OSA的负担。

英文摘要

BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common but often overlooked disorder with profound cardiometabolic and neurocognitive consequences. Various studies in Saudi Arabia have reported varying prevalence figures.
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the pooled prevalence of OSA among adults in Saudi Arabia.
METHODS: The systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out between May and August 2025 according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Observational studies that described the prevalence of OSA among adults (≥16 years) were considered. Pooled prevalence was computed using a random-effect model with Freeman-Tukey transformation. I2 statistics were used to determine the heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis was undertaken according to population, diagnostic tool, size of the sample, and region.
RESULTS: Thirty-three studies with 18,403 participants were included. The overall pooled prevalence of OSA was 26.96% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 20.98%-33.38%), with high heterogeneity (I 2 = 98.9%). This significant heterogeneity is primarily attributed to variations in study populations (general vs. high-risk) and the diverse diagnostic criteria employed across the included studies. The prevalence was 15.95% (95% CI: 11.80%-20.60%) in the general population and 42.60% (95% CI: 29.47%-56.27%) in high-risk groups. The diagnostic method influenced estimates, with polysomnography (34.1%) and STOP-BANG (33.8%) yielding higher prevalence than the Berlin Questionnaire (28.5%). Regional variation was observed, with higher prevalence in Riyadh compared to Mecca.
CONCLUSIONS: About one in four Saudi adults may have OSA, with prevalence markedly higher in high-risk groups. These findings underscore the need for national screening programs and targeted interventions to reduce the burden of undiagnosed OSA.