HeLa细胞在耳鼻咽喉头颈外科领域的影响：纪念Henrietta Lacks

文献信息

中文摘要

引言： HeLa细胞于1952年首次从Henrietta Lacks体内获取，是首个被发现并大规模扩增的体外细胞系。从小儿麻痹症疫苗研发到理解癌症生物学，HeLa细胞促成了不可估量的科学进步。此前尚无综述探讨HeLa细胞如何影响耳鼻咽喉头颈外科领域。
方法： 本叙述性文献综述采用PRISMA式方法，以了解人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）的历史背景以及HeLa细胞如何阐明HPV介导的癌症。随后，使用MeSH术语，以耳鼻咽喉头颈外科的各个亚专科（即头颈癌、听力学、耳科学、鼻科学和喉科学）检索纳入使用HeLa细胞的研究，以了解HeLa细胞如何对耳鼻咽喉头颈外科研究产生直接影响。
结果： HeLa细胞对于确定HPV如何导致肿瘤发生至关重要，并且由于宫颈癌知识的增强，这促进了头颈部肿瘤的发现。基础生物学，例如顺铂（目前是头颈癌常用的化疗药物）如何发挥作用，是利用HeLa细胞系进行研究的。由于该细胞具有可靠、易获取和快速分裂的特性，HeLa细胞也被广泛用于听力和感觉研究。
讨论： 尽管HeLa细胞系伴随着巨大的生物伦理争议，但HeLa细胞改善了无数人的生活。重要的是要考虑历史上服务不足的社区和个体（如Henrietta Lacks）的生命，以既纪念又认可来自各种种族和经济背景的多元人群对科学所做的贡献。

英文摘要

INTRODUCTION: The HeLa cell, which was first taken from Henrietta Lacks in 1952, was the first in vitro cell line discovered and propagated in mass. From polio vaccine development to understanding cancer biology, the HeLa cell has allowed for immeasurable scientific advances. No prior review has examined how the HeLa cell has influenced the field of otolaryngology.
METHODS: A PRISMA-style approach was taken in this narrative literature review to understand the historical context of the human papilloma virus (HPV) and how the HeLa cell elucidated HPV-mediated cancers. Then, using MeSH terminology, each subspecialty of otolaryngology (i.e., head and neck cancer, audiology, otology, rhinology, and laryngology) was used to identify studies that incorporated HeLa cells to understand how HeLa cells made direct impacts on otolaryngology research.
RESULTS: The HeLa cell was crucial to identifying how HPV causes tumorigenesis, and due to enhanced cervical cancer knowledge, this boosted head and neck tumor discoveries. Basic biology, such as how cisplatin functions, which is now a common chemotherapeutic used for head and neck cancer, was studied using the HeLa cell line. Due to the cells' reliable, accessible, and rapidly dividing characteristics, the HeLa cell was also used broadly in hearing and sensory research.
DISCUSSION: Although the HeLa cell line comes with great bioethical controversy, the HeLa cell has improved the lives of countless people. It is important to consider the lives of historically underserved communities and individuals, such as Henrietta Lacks, to both honor and recognize the contributions diverse people from every racial and economic background make to science.