针对听觉过敏的听觉客体识别与定位训练：对声音耐受性和噪声接受度的初步影响

文献信息

中文摘要

背景： 听觉过敏的特征是对日常声音的耐受性降低，并可显著影响生活质量。本研究探讨旨在增强听觉注意、听觉客体识别和声音定位的听觉训练方案是否能减轻听觉过敏。
方法： 16名听觉过敏成人完成了通过QCore™耳鸣治疗平台实施的为期两周的听觉训练干预。参与者每天使用基于游戏的声音识别和定位任务完成20分钟训练。在干预前后获取结局指标，包括响度不适水平（LDLs）、可接受噪声水平（ANLs）和噪声敏感性问卷（NoiSeQ）评分。比较干预前后的表现，以评估声音耐受性、背景噪声接受度和感知噪声敏感性的变化。
结果： 干预后，参与者在所有结局指标上均表现出显著改善。LDLs升高，表明对音调的耐受性增强。ANLs降低，反映在聆听任务中对背景噪声的接受度改善。NoiSeQ评分也改善，提示自报噪声敏感性降低。总体而言，这些发现表明听觉耐受性增强和对环境声音敏感性降低与训练相关。
结论： 为期两周的听觉训练方案与听觉过敏客观和主观指标的改善相关。这些发现支持以下假设：针对听觉注意和听觉场景分析可能增强听觉过敏个体的声音耐受性和聆听舒适度。该训练是现有听觉过敏管理方法的一种有前景的辅助手段。有必要开展样本量更大、随访期更长的对照研究，以证实这些发现并探究其潜在机制。

英文摘要

BACKGROUND: Hyperacusis is characterised by reduced tolerance to everyday sounds and can substantially affect quality of life. This study investigated whether an auditory training programme designed to enhance auditory attention, auditory object identification, and sound localisation would reduce hyperacusis.
METHODS: Sixteen adults with hyperacusis completed a two-week auditory training intervention delivered through the QCore™ Tinnitus Therapy Platform. Participants completed 20 min of training daily using game-based sound identification and localisation tasks. Outcome measures were obtained before and after the intervention and included Loudness Discomfort Levels (LDLs), Acceptable Noise Levels (ANLs), and Noise Sensitivity Questionnaire (NoiSeQ) scores. Pre- and post-intervention performance was compared to evaluate changes in sound tolerance, acceptance of background noise, and perceived noise sensitivity.
RESULTS: Following the intervention, participants demonstrated significant improvements across all outcome measures. LDLs increased, indicating greater tolerance of tones. ANLs decreased, reflecting improved acceptance of background noise during listening tasks. NoiSeQ scores also improved, suggesting a reduction in self-reported noise sensitivity. Collectively, these findings indicate enhanced auditory tolerance and reduced sensitivity to environmental sounds were associated with training.
CONCLUSION: A two-week auditory training programme was associated with improvements in objective and subjective measures of hyperacusis. The findings support the hypothesis that targeting auditory attention and auditory scene analysis may enhance sound tolerance and listening comfort in individuals with hyperacusis. The training represents a promising adjunct to existing hyperacusis management approaches. Controlled studies with larger samples and longer follow-up periods are warranted to confirm these findings and investigate their underlying mechanisms.