Article record

与平地行走相比，跑步机行走在倾斜地形中导致更低的自选速度和改变的时空模式：对老年人移动能力评估的启示

Treadmill walking yields lower self-selected speeds and altered spatiotemporal patterns compared to overground walking across inclined terrain: Implications for mobility assessment in older adults.

临床研究耳科IF 3.2Q2

文献信息

PMID	42906376
原文	在 PubMed 查看原文 ↗
发表日期	2026
作者	Keven Santamaria-Guzman 查看其他 15 位作者 Tyrone Loria-Calderon；Mynor Rodriguez-Hernandez；Damaris C Cifuentes；Silvia E Campos-Vargas；Wendi H Weimar；Ryan M Babl；Yadrianna Acosta-Sojo；Kelly L Thatcher；Jason R Franz；David T Redden；Brandon M Peoples；Kenneth D Harrison；Bria R Smith；Francisco Siles-Canales；Jaimie A Roper
作者单位	Locomotor and Movement Control Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA. 查看其他 8 条单位信息 Section of Physical Education and Sports, University of Costa Rica, Western Campus, Costa Rica.；Sport Biomechanics Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.；School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.；Industrial and Systems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.；Applied Biomechanics Laboratory, Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.；Department Biomedical Affairs and Research, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.；Human Movement Sciences Research Center, University of Costa Rica, Costa Rica.；Locomotor and Movement Control Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA. Electronic address: jroper@auburn.edu.
期刊	Gait & posture
SCI 分区	Q2
IF	3.2
研究类型	临床研究 · 临床
所属专科	耳科

中文摘要

目的： 跑步机（TM）广泛用于老年人的步态评估，但其在倾斜地形中的生态效度仍未充分探讨。本研究比较了老年人和年轻人在平地、上坡和下坡地形中跑步机与地面（OG）行走的时空、生理和动力学步态结果，并检验了速度差异的感觉运动预测因素。
方法： 26名老年人（70±6岁；22名女性）和24名年轻人（26±5岁；7名女性），均无既往跑步机经验，在三种地形条件下完成了匹配的跑步机和地面试验。自选跑步机速度通过盲法双向方案确定。改良临床感觉交互与平衡测试量化了感觉运动特征。混合设计ANCOVA和多元回归检验了条件、坡度和组别效应，以性别为协变量。
结果： 两组在所有条件下跑步机速度均持续慢于地面行走（Δ = -0.35 m/s，d = -1.67），并伴有更短的步长、更低的步频和改变的支撑相时序；年轻人表现出更大的降低和比老年人更明显的向双支撑转移。摆动中期足部廓清在各模式间基本保持。尽管速度更慢，跑步机行走引起更高的心率和RPE，在老年人上坡时最为明显。跑步机上的地面反作用力和负荷率显著降低。感觉运动特征预测了下坡速度差异（R² = 0.49），其中前庭和躯体感觉贡献与年龄组一起作为独立预测因素。
结论： 在倾斜地形中，跑步机衍生的速度、时空和生理测量与老年人地面行走不可互换。

英文摘要

PURPOSE: Treadmills (TM) are widely used for gait assessment in older adults (OA), yet their ecological validity across inclined terrain remains underexplored. This study compared spatiotemporal, physiological, and kinetic gait outcomes between TM and overground (OG) walking across flat, uphill, and downhill terrain in OA and younger adults (YA), and examined sensorimotor predictors of speed discrepancies.
METHODS: Twenty-six OA (70 ± 6 years; 22 women) and 24 YA (26 ± 5 years; 7 women), none with prior TM experience, completed matched TM and OG trials across three terrain conditions. Self-selected TM speed was determined using a blinded bidirectional protocol. The modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction in Balance quantified sensorimotor profiles. Mixed-design ANCOVAs and multiple regression examined condition, inclination, and group effects with sex as a covariate.
RESULTS: TM speeds were consistently slower than OG across all conditions in both groups (Δ = -0.35 m/s, d = -1.67), with shorter stride length, lower cadence, and altered support phase timing; YA showed larger reductions and a greater shift toward double support than OA. Foot clearance at midswing was largely preserved across modalities. TM walking elicited higher heart rate and RPE despite slower speeds, most pronounced in OA uphill. Ground reaction forces and loading rates were substantially reduced on the TM. Sensorimotor profiles predicted the downhill speed discrepancy (R² = 0.49), with vestibular and somatosensory contributions as independent predictors alongside age group.
CONCLUSION: TM-derived speed, spatiotemporal, and physiological measures are not interchangeable with overground walking in OA across inclined terrain.