空气污染与慢性鼻窦炎之间的联系

文献信息

中文摘要

目的： 环境暴露日益被认为是慢性鼻窦炎（CRS）发生和严重程度的contributing因素。虽然这种关系在下气道疾病中已充分确立，但空气污染——特别是颗粒物（PM）——在上气道疾病即CRS中的作用仅在近期才得到证实。本综述的目的是突出关于空气污染与慢性鼻窦炎之间联系的最新研究。
最新发现： 直径小于或等于2.5微米的颗粒物（PM2.5）对CRS疾病严重程度和结局具有显著的负面影响。对鼻上皮细胞细胞机制的研究表明，PM2.5加剧了来源于CRS患者的人鼻上皮细胞的上皮重塑、屏障功能障碍和纤毛发生减少。PM2.5的各种来源，包括花粉、交通、工业污染物和野火烟雾，是CRS患病率和加重的独立contributing因素。长期PM2.5暴露导致内镜鼻窦手术后更差的疾病特异性和生活质量结局。
总结： PM2.5增加CRS患病率和疾病严重程度。需要更大规模的纵向研究来确定空气污染对CRS的长期临床影响。

英文摘要

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Environmental exposures have become increasingly recognized as contributors to both the development and severity of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). While this relationship is well established in lower airway diseases, the role of air pollution - specifically, particulate matter (PM) - in upper airway disease, namely CRS, has only been demonstrated more recently. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent studies on the link between air pollution and chronic rhinosinusitis.
RECENT FINDINGS: Particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5) has a significant negative impact on CRS disease severity and outcomes. Studies of cellular mechanisms in nasal epithelial cells show that PM2.5 exacerbates epithelial remodeling, barrier dysfunction, and reduced ciliogenesis in human nasal epithelial cells derived from those with CRS. Various sources of PM2.5, including pollen, traffic, industrial pollutants, and wildfire smoke are independent contributors to both CRS prevalence and exacerbation. Chronic PM2.5 exposure confers worse disease-specific and quality-of-life outcomes following endoscopic sinus surgery.
SUMMARY: PM2.5 increases CRS prevalence and disease severity. Larger longitudinal studies are needed to define the long-term clinical effects of air pollution on CRS.