成人中频谱-时间调制纹波测试的频谱时间处理及其与认知和听力损失的关系

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中文摘要

目的： 频谱-时间调制纹波测试（SMRT）的三选一强制选择设计可能同时反映听觉和神经认知功能。神经认知功能与SMRT表现之间的关系在中老年成人中尚未被探索，听力损失可能对这些关系的影响程度也尚不清楚。本研究假设更好的神经认知功能和更好的听力将预测更好的SMRT表现，并且听力损失与神经认知功能在影响SMRT表现时会存在交互作用。
方法： 数据收集自一家三级医疗中心招募的81名成人，其听力能力从正常听力到极重度听力损失不等。研究考察了SMRT表现；500、1000和2000 Hz未助听纯音平均听阈（PTA）；年龄；非言语推理（Raven渐进矩阵测验[Raven's]）；以及短时记忆容量（视觉顺背数字广度）之间的关系。
结果： 双变量分析显示，PTA、数字广度和Raven's评分与SMRT表现显著相关，而年龄则不相关。多变量线性回归证实这三者为独立且显著的预测因素；年龄再次不显著。PTA×数字广度和PTA×Raven's的交互项不是SMRT表现的显著预测因素。
结论： 非言语推理和短时记忆容量等神经认知功能以及听力能力独立地影响SMRT表现。不显著的交互作用提示，神经认知对SMRT的影响在不同程度听力损失中保持恒定。这些发现支持在中老年听力损失成人中继续使用SMRT，不过在解释SMRT表现时应考虑或至少顾及神经认知功能的独立效应。
补充材料： https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.34595052。

英文摘要

PURPOSE: The three-alternative forced-choice design of the spectral-temporally modulated ripple test (SMRT) may capture both auditory and neurocognitive functioning. The relationships between neurocognitive functions and SMRT performance remain unexplored in middle-aged and older adults, as does the degree to which hearing loss may affect these relationships. This study hypothesized that better neurocognitive functions and better hearing would predict better SMRT performance and that hearing loss and neurocognitive functions would interact in contributing to SMRT performance.
METHOD: Data were collected from 81 adults recruited from a single tertiary care medical center with hearing abilities ranging from normal hearing to profound hearing loss. Relationships were examined among SMRT performance; unaided pure-tone average (PTA) at 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz; age; nonverbal reasoning (Raven's Progressive Matrices [Raven's]); and short-term memory capacity (visual forward digit span).
RESULTS: Bivariate analyses revealed that PTA, digit span, and Raven's scores were significantly associated with SMRT performance, whereas age was not. Multivariable linear regression confirmed these three as independent, significant predictors; age again was not. Interaction terms of PTA × Digit Span and PTA × Raven's were not significant predictors of SMRT performance.
CONCLUSIONS: Neurocognitive functions of nonverbal reasoning and short-term memory capacity, as well as hearing ability, independently contribute to SMRT performance. Nonsignificant interactions suggest that the neurocognitive effects on SMRT are constant across degrees of hearing loss. These findings support ongoing use of SMRT in middle-aged and older adults with hearing loss, although the independent effects of neurocognitive functions should be accounted for, or at least considered, when interpreting SMRT performance.
SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.34595052.