使用数字化气味识别测试评估暴露于燃油蒸气的加油站员工的嗅觉功能障碍

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中文摘要

背景： 加油站员工长期暴露于含苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯（BTEX）及其他挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）的燃油蒸气中，这引发了对嗅觉功能的职业健康担忧。方法：在这项横断面研究中，116名巴西加油站员工（86名男性，30名女性；中位年龄37.5岁；范围19-58岁）完成了问卷，并使用MultiScent-20数字化气味识别测试进行了客观嗅觉评估。结果：总体而言，58.6%存在嗅觉功能障碍，其中46.6%为嗅觉减退，12.1%为嗅觉丧失，而仅有23.3%报告其工作影响了嗅觉。更长的就业时间与更低的嗅觉评分相关（Spearman's ρ = -0.41；p < 0.001），并独立增加功能障碍的几率（比值比[OR] = 每增加一年1.15；95%置信区间[CI]，1.06-1.26；p = 0.003）。结论：这些发现支持将嗅觉评估纳入长期暴露于燃油蒸气的工人的职业健康监测中。

英文摘要

Gas station employees are chronically exposed to fuel vapors containing benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX), and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs), raising occupational concerns about olfactory function. In this cross-sectional study, 116 Brazilian gas station employees (86 men and 30 women; median age, 37.5 years; range, 19-58) completed a questionnaire and underwent objective olfactory assessment with the MultiScent-20 digital odor identification test. Overall, 58.6% had olfactory dysfunction, including 46.6% with hyposmia and 12.1% with anosmia, whereas only 23.3% reported that their work affected their sense of smell. Longer employment duration was associated with lower olfactory scores (Spearman's ρ = -0.41; p < 0.001) and independently increased the odds of dysfunction (odds ratio [OR] = 1.15 per additional year; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-1.26; p = 0.003). These findings support incorporating olfactory assessment into occupational health surveillance for workers chronically exposed to fuel vapors.