阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停在长新冠疲劳患者中常见，但与生活质量和认知的改变无显著关联

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中文摘要

背景： 长新冠（又称SARS-CoV-2感染急性期后遗症，PASC）的神经系统表现包括疲劳、认知功能障碍、睡眠障碍和头痛，这些症状可导致严重功能损害。由于这些症状与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）的症状重叠，我们试图确定在一个神经-COVID-19门诊人群中OSA的患病率。方法：我们对100例连续的长新冠患者进行了家庭睡眠监测，这些患者既往无OSA病史，并在一次无需住院的COVID-19感染后报告疲劳。平均年龄为46.4岁，70%的患者为女性。结果：53%的患者存在OSA，其中33%为轻度OSA（呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）5-14.9），20%为中重度OSA（AHI≥15）。男性、较高年龄和体重指数与OSA显著相关。然而，两组在其他合并症、长新冠症状负担、生活质量指标（QoL）和客观认知功能测试结果方面无显著差异。此外，多元线性回归模型显示，AHI和平均血氧饱和度下降最低值均不是QoL或认知功能的显著预测因子。结论：尽管OSA在研究参与者中的患病率几乎是美国普通成年人群的两倍，但它与长新冠症状、QoL改变或客观认知功能障碍无显著关联。然而，20%的患者被诊断为中重度OSA，这是一个具有临床意义的发现，需要干预以预防不可逆的心肺并发症。

英文摘要

Neurologic manifestations of Long COVID, also called post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), include fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, sleep disturbances, and headaches, which can be debilitating. Since these symptoms overlap with those of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), we sought to determine the prevalence of OSA in the population of a Neuro-COVID-19 clinic. We performed home sleep testing in 100 consecutive patients with Long COVID and no prior history of OSA who reported fatigue after an episode of COVID-19 not requiring hospitalization. The average age was 46.4 years and 70% of patients were female. OSA was present in 53% of patients, including 33% with mild OSA (apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) 5-14.9) and 20% with moderate to severe OSA (AHI ≥ 15). Male sex, higher age, and body mass index were significantly associated with OSA. However, there were no significant differences in other comorbidities, Long COVID symptom burden, quality of life measures (QoL), and objective cognitive function test results between groups. Additionally, multiple linear regression models demonstrated that neither AHI nor mean desaturation nadir were significant predictors of QoL or cognitive function. Although OSA is nearly twice as prevalent among our study participants compared to the general adult population of the US, it was not significantly associated with Long COVID symptoms, alteration of QoL, or objective cognitive dysfunction. However, 20% of patients were diagnosed with moderate to severe OSA, a clinically significant finding that warrants intervention to prevent irreversible cardiopulmonary complications.