茎突延长与吞咽相关症状：一项范围综述。

文献信息

中文摘要

背景： 本范围综述旨在系统梳理成人茎突延长患者中报告的吞咽相关症状范围，并描述现有文献如何评估吞咽功能。方法：本综述遵循PRISMA-ScR（系统综述和荟萃分析优先报告条目扩展版——范围综述）指南以及JBI（乔安娜布里格斯研究所）范围综述方法学。检索在EMBASE、PubMed/MEDLINE、Web of Science、Scopus、LILACS和LIVIVO以及灰色文献来源中进行。纳入标准遵循PCC框架：人群（18岁及以上成人）、概念（茎突延长）和情境（吞咽相关症状）。观察性研究设计被认为符合纳入条件。去除重复后，筛选了1,177条唯一记录；评估了15篇全文文章的合格性，最终12项研究纳入定性综合。结果：大多数研究未直接或客观评估吞咽功能；相反，吞咽困难、吞咽痛、异物感或相关咽部主诉是作为更广泛临床症状谱、影像学检查或手术系列的一部分被报告的。因此，现有证据无法确定茎突延长与吞咽功能障碍之间的明确因果或关联关系。结论：吞咽相关症状在茎突延长患者中常被报告，但当前文献异质性大，且主要基于非标准化的症状报告。需要采用标准化吞咽困难工具和客观吞咽评估的前瞻性研究，以确定茎突异常是否以及在何种解剖或临床条件下导致吞咽功能障碍。

英文摘要

This scoping review aimed to systematically map the range of swallowing-associated symptoms reported in adults with styloid process elongation and to characterize how the available literature assessed swallowing. The review followed PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) guidance and the JBI (Joanna Briggs Institute) methodology for scoping reviews. Searches were conducted in EMBASE, PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS, and LIVIVO, as well as in gray literature sources. Eligibility criteria followed the PCC framework: Population (adults aged 18 years or older), Concept (styloid process elongation), and Context (swallowing-associated symptoms). Observational study designs were considered eligible. After removing duplicates, 1,177 unique records were screened; 15 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, and 12 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. Most studies did not directly or objectively assess swallowing function; instead, dysphagia, odynophagia, foreign-body sensation, or related pharyngeal complaints were reported as part of broader clinical symptom profiles, imaging investigations or surgical series. Consequently, the available evidence does not establish a definitive causal or associative relationship between styloid process elongation and swallowing dysfunction. Swallowing-associated symptoms are commonly reported in patients with styloid process elongation, but the current literature is heterogeneous and largely based on non-standardized symptom reporting. Prospective studies using standardized dysphagia instruments and objective swallowing assessments are needed to determine whether, and under which anatomical or clinical conditions, styloid process abnormalities contribute to swallowing dysfunction.