中小学教师嗓音问题的患病率调查

文献信息

中文摘要

背景： 学校教师由于长时间用声和课堂环境要求高，发生嗓音障碍的风险增加。嗓音问题会对课堂交流、教学效率和整体生活质量产生不利影响。来自印度中央邦的数据有限，促使本研究调查教师中嗓音障碍的患病率。
目的： 估计2024年11月至2025年4月期间印度中央邦贾巴尔普尔区学校教师嗓音问题的患病率。
目标： 确定嗓音相关症状的发生频率，并确定与嗓音问题相关的职业和环境因素。
方法： 采用横断面调查设计，来自贾巴尔普尔区中小学的154名学校教师参与，包括124名女性和30名男性。逐一施测一份经过验证的问卷，并分析回答以估计嗓音问题的患病率并识别危险因素。
结果： 结果显示患病率为0.65%，表明参与者中嗓音问题较少见。总体结果模式表明，B部分（生活方式）对职业变量最为敏感：地区、学校类型、教学经验、教学时数和董事会类型。有趣的是，传统上被认为高风险的 factors，如性别、嘈杂环境和班级规模，在本研究参与者中未显示出显著差异。
结论： 教师日常的嗓音需求和环境条件对其嗓音功能有强烈影响。建议通过常规筛查进行早期识别、提高嗓音卫生意识并实施预防性嗓音保健项目，以减少嗓音问题的发生并改善嗓音健康和教学效率。

英文摘要

BACKGROUND: School teachers are at increased risk of developing voice disorders due to prolonged voice use and demanding classroom environments. Voice problems adversely affect classroom communication, teaching efficiency, and overall quality of life. Limited data from Madhya Pradesh, India, motivated this study of the prevalence of voice disorders among teachers.
AIM: To estimate the prevalence of voice problems among school teachers from November 2024 to April 2025 in Jabalpur district of Madhya Pradesh.
OBJECTIVES: To identify the frequency of voice-related symptoms and determine the occupational and environmental factors associated with voice problems.
METHOD: 154 school teachers comprising 124 females and 30 males from primary and secondary schools of Jabalpur district participated in a cross-sectional survey design. A validated questionnaire was administered individually, and responses were analyzed to estimate the prevalence of voice problems and identify the risk factors.
RESULTS: The results revealed a prevalence rate of 0.65% signifying less prevailing voice problems among the participants. The overall pattern of results indicates that Section B (Lifestyle) was most sensitive to occupational variables: locality, type of school, teaching experience, teaching hours, and board type. Interestingly, factors traditionally considered high risk, like gender, noisy environment, and class size showed no significant differences in the participants of the current study.
CONCLUSION: Teachers' daily vocal demands and environmental conditions have a strong influence on their vocal functioning. Early identification through routine screening, awareness regarding vocal hygiene, and implementation of preventive voice care programs are recommended to reduce the occurrence of voice problems and improve vocal health and teaching efficiency.