娱乐性噪声对大学生时间精细结构加工的影响

文献信息

中文摘要

目的： 由于娱乐活动和个人收听设备（PLD）使用导致的噪声暴露流行率正在上升。本研究探讨了娱乐性噪声暴露对临床听力正常的年轻成人时间听觉加工的影响。
方法： 共纳入123名年龄18至25岁、纯音测听（PTA）结果均正常的大学生，进行横断面研究。使用应征入伍者噪声暴露与听力障碍（ENHDC）问卷评估娱乐性噪声暴露，并将参与者分为低暴露组和高暴露组。通过三项行为任务评估听觉加工：1）噪声中言语感知（SPIN），使用在四说话人嘈杂语噪声中呈现的卡纳达语句确定信噪比（SNR-50）；2）时间精细结构-自适应频率（TFS-AF），评估双耳相位敏感性；3）振幅调制检测（AMD），使用以19 Hz调制的5 kHz纯音评估时间包络加工。
结果： 非参数分析显示，高暴露组的SPIN得分显著较差（p = 0.035），同时双耳PTA阈值出现边缘但具有统计学意义的升高（p < 0.05），但仍处于临床正常范围内。TFS-AF（p = 0.737）或AMD（p = 0.153）未见显著组间差异，尽管高暴露组的AMD阈值略有升高。扩展高频测听（EHFA）结果显示，8 kHz以上阈值升高呈非显著性增加。
结论： 这些结果提示，娱乐性噪声暴露可能在可测量的听力损失发生之前，产生阈上听觉加工的细微缺陷。使用噪声中言语任务和行为时间评估进行早期识别，可能有助于支持保护高危人群听觉健康的预防策略。
证据等级： 3级。

英文摘要

OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of noise exposure due to recreational activities and usage of Personal Listening Devices (PLD) is rising. This study investigated the effects of recreational noise exposure on temporal auditory processing in young adults with clinically normal hearing.
METHODS: A total of 123 college students aged 18- to 25-years, all of whom exhibited normal Pure Tone Audiometry (PTA) results, were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Recreational noise exposure was estimated using the Exposed Noise and Hearing Disorders of Conscripts (ENHDC) questionnaire, and participants were categorised into low and high exposure groups. Auditory processing was assessed through three behavioural tasks: 1) Speech Perception in Noise (SPIN), using Kannada sentences presented in four-talker babble to determine Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR-50); 2) Temporal Fine Structure ‒ Adaptive Frequency (TFS-AF), to evaluate binaural phase sensitivity; and 3) Amplitude Modulation Detection (AMD), using a 5 kHz tone modulated at 19 Hz to evaluate temporal envelope processing.
RESULTS: Non-parametric analyses revealed significantly poorer SPIN scores in the high-exposure group (p = 0.035), alongside marginal but statistically significant elevations in PTA thresholds for both ears (p < 0.05), though still within clinical norms. No significant group differences were observed in TFS-AF (p = 0.737) or AMD (p = 0.153), although AMD thresholds were slightly elevated in the high exposure group. Extended High Frequency Audiometry (EHFA) findings showed a non-significant increase in elevated thresholds above 8 kHz.
CONCLUSION: These results suggest that recreational noise exposure may produce subtle deficits in suprathreshold auditory processing before measurable hearing loss occurs. Early identification using speech-in-noise tasks and behavioural temporal assessments may support preventive strategies to safeguard auditory health in at-risk populations.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 3.