梵猫下颌管的形态计量学分析：一项锥形束计算机断层扫描（CBCT）研究

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中文摘要

本研究旨在利用锥形束计算机断层扫描（CBCT）确定梵猫下颌管（MC）的形态计量学特征及性别相关变异，从而建立品种特异性基线值。方法：分析14只健康成年梵猫（7只雄性，7只雌性；均为4岁；平均体重3.3 ± 0.49 kg）的CBCT扫描。将DICOM文件定向至标准化头部位置，使硬腭平行于水平面并确保矢状面垂直于参考线，并使用多平面重建（MPR）软件（版本3.10，Carestream Dental LLC）在八个标准化横断面上测量内部管道尺寸、皮质距离、腹侧高度（Bh）、深度及下颌总尺寸。数据采用Wilcoxon符号秩检验和Mann-Whitney U检验分析。结果：左右下颌骨之间未发现统计学显著差异，表明高度双侧对称。同样，内部管道尺寸也未显示显著的性别差异。然而，在雄性中，管道从腹侧边界走行的位置显著更高（Bh参数），使其更靠近牙根。在两种性别中，MC在磨牙区更靠近舌侧皮质，而在前磨牙区则向前庭皮质偏移。临床上，这种高度双侧对称性允许在创伤病例中将完整侧作为可靠的手术参考。颊侧手术入路比舌侧入路提供更宽的安全边缘。雄性梵猫由于牙根邻近，在牙科操作中承受更高的医源性风险，而雌性梵猫在下牙槽神经阻滞时需要更高的进针点。结论：本研究提供了梵猫下颌管的全面、基于CBCT的形态计量学基线，为在猫颌面部手术中提高手术精度和减少医源性风险提供了必要数据。

英文摘要

This study aimed to determine the morphometric characteristics and sex-dependent variations in the mandibular canal (MC) in Van cats using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT), thereby establishing breed-specific baseline values. CBCT scans of 14 healthy adult Van cats (7 males, 7 females; all aged 4 years old; mean body mass 3.3 ± 0.49 kg) were analyzed. DICOM files were oriented into a standardized head position by aligning the hard palate parallel to the horizontal plane and ensuring the sagittal plane was perpendicular to the reference line, and internal canal dimensions, cortical distances, ventral height (Bh), depth, and total mandibular dimensions were measured across eight standardized transverse planes using Multiplanar Reconstruction (MPR) software (Version 3.10, Carestream Dental LLC). Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank and Mann-Whitney U tests. No statistically significant differences were found between right and left mandibles, demonstrating high bilateral symmetry. Similarly, internal canal dimensions also showed no significant differences by sex. However, in males, the canal ran significantly higher from the ventral border (Bh parameter), placing it closer to tooth roots. In both sexes, the MC ran closer to the lingual cortex in the molar region and shifted toward the vestibular cortex in the premolar region. Clinically, this high bilateral symmetry allows the intact side to serve as a reliable surgical reference in trauma cases. Buccal surgical approaches offer wider safety margins than lingual ones. Males Van cats carry a higher iatrogenic risk during dental procedures due to tooth root proximity, whereas female Van cats require a higher needle insertion point for inferior alveolar nerve blocks. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive, CBCT-based morphometric baseline of the mandibular canal in Van cats, offering essential data to enhance surgical precision and minimize iatrogenic risks during feline maxillofacial procedures.