探索女性阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停危险因素的患病率

文献信息

中文摘要

背景： 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）是多种疾病和生活质量下降的主要危险因素。
目的： 本研究的目的是开展一项探索性研究，评估在墨西哥国立自治大学莱昂校区国家高等研究学院（ENES Unidad León）寻求医疗保健治疗的成年女性人群中与OSA相关的危险因素的患病率。
方法： 对151名女性患者进行了一项横断面研究，使用STOP-BANG问卷，条目涉及打鼾、疲劳、乏力、日间嗜睡、呼吸中断、体质指数、年龄、颈围和性别。
结果： 关于年龄，出现睡眠相关呼吸障碍症状的女性中有87.5%（p = 0.031）以及醒来时感到乏力的女性中有72.8%（p = 0.002）年龄<50岁。然而，年龄超过50岁且颈围>41 cm的女性因可能的OSA而出现疲劳、乏力和日间嗜睡的可能性是3.0倍。打鼾与OSA危险因素无显著关联；而体质指数（BMI）>35 kg/m2的女性因OSA而出现睡眠相关呼吸障碍的可能性高6.4倍。
结论： 在本研究的局限性范围内，我们证实年龄<50岁的女性报告了更多的疲劳和更多的睡眠相关呼吸障碍症状；而BMI高的女性也显示出更高的发生OSA的风险。

英文摘要

BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a major risk factor for several medical conditions and poor quality of life.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to conduct an exploratory study to assess the prevalence of risk factors related to OSA in the adult female population seeking health care treatment at the National Autonomous University of Mexico, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores (ENES) Unidad León.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 151 female patients using the STOP-BANG questionnaire with items related to snoring, fatigue, tiredness, sleepiness during the day, breathing interruptions, body mass index, age, neck circumference, and sex.
RESULTS: Regarding age, 87.5% of females who presented sleep-related breathing disorders symptoms (p = 0.031) and 72.8% of females who woke up with fatigue (p = 0.002) were < 50 years old. However, females over 50 years with a neck circumference > 41 cm were 3.0 times more likely to experience fatigue, tiredness, and sleepiness during the daytime due to possible OSA. Snoring was not significantly associated with OSA risk factors; and female with a body mass index (BMI) > 35 kg/m2, representing a 6.4 times greater likelihood of experiencing sleep-related breathing disorders due to OSA.
CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, we confirmed that women < 50 years old reported greater fatigue and more sleep-related breathing disorders symptoms; and females with a high BMI also showed a higher risk of developing OSA.