新加坡老年人听力障碍的患病率及危险因素：一项基于人群的研究

文献信息

中文摘要

引言： 我们研究了多族裔亚洲老年人群中听力障碍（HI）和显著听力障碍（SHI）的患病率及危险因素。
方法： 我们纳入了一项基于人群研究中的2,494名年龄≥60岁的成年人。使用SHOEBOX便携式听力计评估听力，以听力较好耳为准，任何HI定义为纯音平均听阈>25 dB，SHI定义为>40 dB。通过标准化临床检查和经过验证的问卷收集社会人口学、生活方式和临床特征。使用2020年新加坡人口普查中年龄、性别和族裔特异性抽样权重计算加权患病率。进行多变量回归分析以确定HI和SHI的危险因素。
结果： 在2,494名参与者中（平均年龄±标准差，73.4±8.4岁；55.2%为女性），任何HI的加权患病率为67.9%，而SHI的加权患病率为22.7%。任何HI的加权患病率随年龄增长而增加，从60-69岁个体的58.1%增至≥80岁个体的94.9%，而SHI的加权患病率从60-69岁个体的9.8%增至≥80岁个体的64.5%。HI的危险因素包括年龄较大（比值比[OR] 10.33，P < 0.001）、男性（OR 2.05，P < 0.001）、马来族裔（OR 1.43，P = 0.021，与华族裔相比）、较低社会经济地位（OR 2.58，P < 0.029）、独居（OR 1.62，P = 0.032）和既往卒中（OR 2.72，P = 0.016）。相似的危险因素与SHI相关。
结论： 三分之二的社区居住新加坡老年人患有HI，五分之一患有SHI。针对老年人和弱势群体的定向社区听力筛查项目对于识别需要转诊和治疗的个体至关重要。

英文摘要

INTRODUCTION: We investigated the prevalence and risk factors of hearing impairment (HI) and significant hearing impairment (SHI) in a multi-ethnic older Asian population.
METHODS: We included 2,494 adults aged ≥60 years from a population-based study. Hearing was evaluated using a SHOEBOX portable audiometer, with any HI defined as a pure-tone average hearing threshold >25 dB and SHI defined as >40 dB, based on the better-hearing ear. Sociodemographic, lifestyle and clinical characteristics were collected via a standardised clinical examination and validated questionnaires. Weighted prevalence rates were calculated using age-, gender- and ethnicity-specific sampling weights from the 2020 Singapore Census. Multivariable regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for HI and SHI.
RESULTS: Of the 2494 participants (mean age ± SD, 73.4 ± 8.4 years; 55.2% female), the weighted prevalence of any HI was 67.9%, while that of SHI was 22.7%. The weighted prevalence of any HI increased with age, from 58.1% in individuals aged 60-69-years to 94.9% in those aged ≥80 years, while that for SHI increased from 9.8% in individuals aged 60-69 years to 64.5% in those aged ≥80 years. Risk factors for HI included older age (odds ratio [OR] 10.33, P < 0.001), male sex (OR 2.05, P < 0.001), Malay ethnicity (OR 1.43, P = 0.021 vs. Chinese ethnicity), lower socioeconomic status (OR 2.58, P < 0.029), living alone (OR 1.62, P = 0.032) and prior stroke (OR 2.72, P = 0.016). Similar risk factors were associated with SHI.
CONCLUSION: Two in three community-living older Singaporeans live with HI, with one in five having SHI. Targeted community hearing screening programmes for older and vulnerable groups are essential to identify individuals requiring referral and treatment.