无视觉线索飞行员中“倾斜”错觉的飞行中幅度：一项探索性研究。

文献信息

中文摘要

“倾斜”是飞行员在无可靠视觉参考飞行时遇到的一种空间错觉。当飞行员在不知不觉中进入倾斜转弯后迅速恢复直线平飞时，就可能发生这种错觉。恢复直线平飞被半规管感知，并错误地感知为向相反方向倾斜。目的是确定（1）“倾斜”的幅度和个体间变异性，以及（2）基于离心机的空间定向（SO）训练是否能改善滚转倾斜评估，从而影响该错觉。在一架战斗机教练机中，飞行员（n=10）坐在黑暗中，将一条发光线与他们想象的地平线平行设置，同时暴露于逐渐进入15-20°倾斜转弯，随后迅速恢复直线平飞。测量在4周期间前后进行，在此期间五名飞行员接受了9×1小时SO训练方案。在训练前试验中，飞行员平均感知到从转弯到平飞过渡期间遇到的滚转角位移的47%（范围=0-140%），即他们感知到向相反方向滚转倾斜10±9°。SO训练未影响“倾斜”幅度（p=.84）。结果证实了“倾斜”错觉显著个体间变异性的轶事报道，并表明即使没有视觉输入的知觉干扰，这种 canal 诱导的错觉中的变异性也存在。

英文摘要

"The leans" is a spatial illusion encountered by pilots flying without reliable visual references. It can occur when a pilot promptly returns to straight-and-level flight after unawarely having entered a banked turn. The return to straight-and-level flight is sensed by the semicircular canals and erroneously perceived as banking in the opposite direction. The purpose was to establish (1) the magnitude and interindividual variability of the leans, and (2) if centrifuge-based spatial-orientation (SO) training, improving roll-tilt assessment, would affect the illusion. In a fighter-jet-trainer aircraft, pilots (n = 10) were sitting in darkness and setting a luminous line parallel with their imagined horizon, while being exposed to a gradual entering of a 15-20° banked turn, followed by a prompt return to straight-and-level flight. Measurements were performed before and after a 4-week period, during which five of the pilots undertook a 9 × 1 h SO-training regimen. During the pre-training trial, the pilots perceived on average 47% (range = 0-140%) of the roll-angular displacement encountered during the transition from the turn to level flight, i.e., they perceived being roll-tilted 10 ± 9° in the opposite direction. SO-training did not affect the leans magnitude (p = .84). The results confirm anecdotal accounts of marked interindividual variability of the leans illusion, and suggest that such variability in the canal-induced illusion exists even without perceptual interference from visual input.