Article record

单纯疱疹病毒、APOE ε4与老年人嗅觉功能：一项队列研究

Herpes simplex virus, APOE ε4, and olfactory function in older adults: A cohort study.

临床研究鼻科IF 3.4Q3

文献信息

PMID	42876914
原文	在 PubMed 查看原文 ↗
发表日期	2026
作者	Eva-Stina Hemmingsson 查看其他 6 位作者 Jan Olsson；Maria Josefsson；Fredrik Elgh；Maria Larsson；Bodil Weidung；Hugo Lövheim
作者单位	Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Geriatric Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. 查看其他 6 条单位信息 Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.；Department of Statistics, USBE, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.；Centre for Demographic and Ageing Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.；Umeå Centre for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.；Gösta Ekman Laboratories, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.；Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
期刊	Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports
SCI 分区	Q3
IF	3.4
研究类型	临床研究 · 临床
所属专科	鼻科

中文摘要

背景： 嗅觉功能障碍（OD）与神经退行性疾病相关，包括阿尔茨海默病（AD）。单纯疱疹病毒1型（HSV1）可能增加AD风险，但与HSV1携带状态及载脂蛋白ε4（APOE ε4）状态相关的嗅觉纵向变化仍不清楚。
目的： 探讨OD是否与HSV1携带状态相关，以及APOE ε4状态是否调节这一可能关联。
方法： 来自瑞典北部一项大型人群队列研究（Betula研究），纳入1288名具有基线气味识别评估的个体，并在五年或十年后进行随访评估（n=950）。对651名个体在单一时间点进行了气味敏感性（气味阈值测试）测试。所有参与者均确定了HSV1携带状态和载脂蛋白E基因型。
结果： 加权线性混合模型分析显示，无论APOE ε4状态如何，HSV1携带状态均与气味识别能力下降无关。在基线时，男性性别和较高年龄与气味识别受损相关，而较好的语义记忆与较好的气味识别能力相关。较高年龄、低教育水平和较好的语义记忆与随时间推移较差的气味识别表现相关。此外，多元线性回归显示，男性性别、较高年龄和低教育水平与气味敏感性受损显著相关。
结论： 在这项随访5-10年的人群队列研究中，使用两种不同的客观测量方法对嗅觉进行测量和分析，HSV1与OD无关。OD与神经退行性疾病之间的关联需要进一步研究。

英文摘要

BACKGROUND: Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is associated with neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) may increase AD risk, but longitudinal changes in olfaction related to HSV1 carriage and apolipoprotein ε4 (APOE ε4) status remain unclear.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate if OD is associated with carriage of HSV1, and whether APOE ε4 status modulates this possible association.
METHODS: From a large population-based cohort study in northern Sweden (Betula study), 1288 individuals with a baseline odor identification assessment were included, with follow-up assessment (n = 950) after five or ten years. Odor sensitivity (odor threshold test) was tested at a single time point for 651 individuals. HSV1 carriership and apolipoprotein E genotype were established for all participants.
RESULTS: Weighted linear mixed-model analyses showed that carriage of HSV1, regardless of APOE ε4 status, was not associated with decline in odor identification. At baseline, male gender and higher age were associated with impaired odor identification, while better semantic memory was associated with better odor identification ability. Higher age, low education level and better semantic memory were associated with poorer odor identification performance over time. Furthermore, multiple linear regression showed that male gender, higher age and low education level were significantly associated with impaired odor sensitivity.
CONCLUSIONS: HSV1 did not associate with OD in this population-based cohort study with 5-10 years of follow-up, where olfaction was measured and analyzed using two different objective measurements. The association between OD and neurodegenerative diseases needs further investigation.