噪声暴露后耳蜗组织学变化：褪黑素和白藜芦醇在实验模型中的作用。

文献信息

中文摘要

目的： 评估暴露于高声压级下的Wistar大鼠的耳蜗组织学变化以及褪黑素和白藜芦醇的耳保护作用。
方法： 这是一项前瞻性、纵向、体内实验研究，使用异质性雄性Wistar大鼠。将动物分组，分别给予或不给予10 mg/天的褪黑素或白藜芦醇腹腔注射，持续14天。随后将动物暴露于或不暴露于白噪声（4 kHz；100 ± 3 dB），每天8小时，持续10天。在安乐死后第15天（D15）和第30天（D30）对螺旋神经节、螺旋缘、螺旋韧带和血管纹进行组织学分析。数据采用ANOVA分析。
结果： 对照组动物在分析的耳蜗结构中细胞数量高于噪声暴露组。褪黑素或白藜芦醇治疗 prevented 噪声诱导的螺旋神经节神经元数量减少，使细胞计数与对照组相似。白藜芦醇还能有效保护螺旋韧带。
结论： 研究结果表明，预防性给予抗氧化剂可能是减轻噪声诱导听力损失的有效策略，强化了这些化合物在预防听力损伤方面的治疗潜力。
证据等级： V。

英文摘要

OBJECTIVE: To assess cochlear histological changes and the otoprotective effects of melatonin and resveratrol in Wistar rats exposed to high sound pressure levels.
METHODS: This was a prospective, longitudinal, in vivo experimental study with heterogeneous male Wistar rats. The animals were divided into groups and treated with or without 10 mg/day of melatonin or resveratrol administered intraperitoneally for 14 days. They were then exposed to or not exposed to white noise (4 kHz; 100 ± 3 dB) for 8 h daily for 10-days. Histological analyses were performed on the spiral ganglion, spiral limbus, spiral ligament, and stria vascularis on days 15 (D15) and 30 (D30), after euthanasia. The data were analyzed by ANOVA.
RESULTS: The animals in the control group had a higher number of cells in the analyzed cochlear structures than the noise-exposed group. Treatment with melatonin or resveratrol prevented the noise-induced reduction in the number of neurons in the spiral ganglion, maintaining cell counts similar to those in the control group. Resveratrol was also effective in preserving the spiral ligament.
CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that the preventive administration of antioxidants may be an effective strategy in mitigating noise-induced hearing loss, reinforcing the therapeutic potential of these compounds in preventing hearing impairment.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: V.