阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停临床特征中与年龄相关的非线性差异：一项针对1,508名中国患者的横断面研究。
Nonlinear age-related differences in clinical profiles of obstructive sleep apnea: a cross-sectional study of 1,508 Chinese patients.
文献信息
| PMID | 42873396 |
|---|---|
| 原文 | 在 PubMed 查看原文 ↗ |
| 发表日期 | 2026 |
| 作者 | Jieqiong Li |
| 作者单位 | Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China. |
| 期刊 | Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung |
| SCI 分区 | Q3 |
| IF | 2.8 |
| 研究类型 | 临床研究 · 临床 |
| 所属专科 | 咽喉科 |
中文摘要
目的： 描述未经治疗的中国阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）患者与年龄相关的临床特征及非线性年龄关联。
方法： 这项回顾性横断面研究纳入北京协和医院（2022-2025年）1,508名年龄18-88岁的患者。比较五个年龄组的临床和多导睡眠图特征。采用限制性立方样条评估连续年龄关联，分别进行总体和非线性检验，并进行性别校正的敏感性分析。性别校正的逻辑回归模型评估患病严重程度、嗜睡和心血管代谢合并症；年龄四分位数比较作为补充。
结果： 在1,840名接受PSG的参与者中，OSA检出率随年龄不同，女性增加更明显（年龄-性别交互作用P=0.031）。呼吸严重程度在各年龄组间大致相当。在未校正分析中，体重指数和Epworth嗜睡量表评分显示非线性年龄关联（均P<0.001），最低氧饱和度（P=0.018）和部分匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）成分也显示非线性关联。全局PSQI与年龄总体相关，但无明显非线性（P=0.099）。性别校正减弱了氧饱和度和睡眠潜伏期的非线性。年龄较大与高血压、心血管疾病和糖尿病的患病比值较高相关。日间过度嗜睡在中年期升高。
结论： OSA临床特征随年龄不同，部分指标呈非线性。尽管呼吸严重程度相当，老年患者合并症负担更重，报告睡眠质量更差。
英文摘要
PURPOSE: To characterize age-related clinical profiles and nonlinear age associations in treatment-naive Chinese patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
METHODS: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 1,508 patients aged 18-88 years at Peking Union Medical College Hospital (2022-2025). Clinical and polysomnographic characteristics were compared across five age groups. Restricted cubic splines assessed continuous-age associations, with separate overall and nonlinearity tests and sex-adjusted sensitivity analyses. Sex-adjusted logistic models evaluated prevalent severity, sleepiness, and cardiometabolic comorbidities; age-quartile comparisons were supplementary.
RESULTS: Among 1,840 participants undergoing PSG, OSA detection differed across ages, with a greater increase among women (age-by-sex interaction P = 0.031). Respiratory severity was broadly comparable across age groups. In unadjusted analyses, body mass index and Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores showed nonlinear age associations (both P < 0.001), as did lowest oxygen saturation (P = 0.018) and selected Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) components. Global PSQI was associated with age overall, without clear nonlinearity (P = 0.099). Sex adjustment attenuated nonlinearity for oxygen saturation and sleep latency. Older age was associated with higher prevalence odds of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Excessive daytime sleepiness showed a midlife elevation.
CONCLUSION: OSA clinical profiles differ across ages, with nonlinearity in selected measures. Older patients have greater comorbidity burden and poorer reported sleep quality despite comparable respiratory severity.