溶藻弧菌：水产养殖、公共卫生与抗菌药物耐药性交汇处的一种新兴海洋病原体。

文献信息

中文摘要

溶藻弧菌是一种嗜盐、革兰氏阴性的海洋细菌，已成为影响海洋动物和人类的重要机会性病原体。作为全球沿海和河口环境中最丰富的弧菌之一，溶藻弧菌通过鱼类、虾类和贝类的弧菌病给水产养殖造成重大经济损失，同时也导致人类在接触海水或食用海鲜后发生伤口感染、外耳道炎，偶尔发生胃肠炎。溶藻弧菌的致病机制是多因素的，涉及一系列毒力决定因素，包括分泌系统（III型、VI型和II型）、溶血素、黏附素、生物膜形成、群体感应调控因子，以及最近认识到的非编码RNA和外膜囊泡的贡献。近期的基因组分析揭示了分离株之间存在相当大的遗传多样性，并发现β-内酰胺耐药基因普遍存在，引发了对天然耐药和水平基因转移潜力的担忧。海水温度上升、集约化水产养殖实践与抗菌药物耐药性增加之间的相互作用，使溶藻弧菌成为一种日益令人担忧的新兴病原体。本综述综合了关于溶藻弧菌的流行病学、基因组学、毒力机制、宿主相互作用和控制策略的当前知识，重点强调致病机制的分子决定因素，包括调控黏附、生物膜形成和代谢适应的调控网络，以及抗菌药物耐药性带来的挑战。我们还讨论了有前景的替代控制方法，包括噬菌体疗法、疫苗接种和益生菌策略，并确定了值得未来研究的关键知识空白。

英文摘要

Vibrio alginolyticus is a halophilic, Gram-negative marine bacterium that has emerged as a significant opportunistic pathogen affecting both marine animals and humans. As one of the most abundant vibrios in coastal and estuarine environments worldwide, V. alginolyticus causes substantial economic losses in aquaculture through vibriosis in fish, shrimp, and shellfish, while also being responsible for wound infections, otitis externa, and occasionally gastroenteritis in humans following seawater exposure or seafood consumption. The pathogenesis of V. alginolyticus is multifactorial, involving an arsenal of virulence determinants including secretion systems (type III, type VI, and type II), haemolysins, adhesins, biofilm formation, quorum sensing-regulated factors, and the recently recognized contributions of non-coding RNAs and outer membrane vesicles. Recent genomic analyses have revealed considerable genetic diversity among isolates and identified a ubiquitous presence of β-lactam resistance genes, raising concerns about natural resistance and the potential for horizontal gene transfer. The interplay between rising seawater temperatures, intensive aquaculture practices, and increasing antimicrobial resistance has positioned V. alginolyticus as an emerging pathogen of growing concern. This Review synthesizes current knowledge on the epidemiology, genomics, virulence mechanisms, host interactions, and control strategies of V. alginolyticus, with an emphasis on the molecular determinants of pathogenesis, including the regulatory networks governing adhesion, biofilm formation, and metabolic adaptation, and the challenges posed by antimicrobial resistance. We also discuss promising alternative control approaches, including phage therapy, vaccination, and probiotic strategies, and identify key knowledge gaps that warrant future investigation.