高温与儿童呼吸健康：探索证据并敲响警钟

文献信息

中文摘要

引言： 气候变化影响着全球脆弱群体的健康。高温作为气候变化的一个具体组成部分，会影响儿童的呼吸健康，尤其是来自边缘化社区以及中低收入国家的儿童。理解这些结局的暴露途径对于干预措施和政策制定至关重要。
涵盖领域： 本文综合了关于关键高温相关儿童呼吸结局（哮喘、感染、鼻炎和肺功能）的证据。指出了知识空白。解读这些证据需要理解流行病学研究中高温暴露表征的方法。本文探讨了这些暴露-反应的复杂性。
专家意见： 虽然高温相关不良事件在哮喘和呼吸道感染儿童中的证据很强，但对于其他呼吸结局的证据则较弱。各项研究之间存在不一致。这些不一致可能是由于研究中暴露表征方式的不同所致。虽然急性结局大多通过医院记录进行研究，但社区研究中儿童亚临床效应尚属空白。在边缘化社区或中低收入国家进行的研究有限。理解暴露-反应关系并填补证据空白，对于制定适当的干预措施以保护儿童呼吸健康是必要的。

英文摘要

INTRODUCTION: Climate change impacts on the health of vulnerable groups globally. Heat, as a specific component of climate change, affects the respiratory health of children, particularly those from marginalized communities and in low and middle-income countries. Understanding the exposure pathways for these outcomes is critical for interventions and policy development.
AREAS COVERED: A synthesis of the evidence for key heat-related childhood respiratory outcomes (asthma, infections, rhinitis and lung function) is presented. The knowledge gaps are highlighted. Interpreting the evidence requires understanding the approaches to heat exposure characterization in epidemiological studies. These exposure-response complexities are explored.
EXPERT OPINION: While the evidence for heat-related adverse events among children with asthma and respiratory infections is strong, it is less so for other respiratory outcomes. Inconsistencies exist across studies. These inconsistencies may be as a result of how exposure is characterized in studies. While acute outcomes have been investigated mostly from hospital records, sub-clinical effects among children in community-based studies are absent. Limited studies have been conducted in marginalized communities or in low- and middle-income countries. Understanding exposure-response relationships and addressing gaps in the evidence is necessary for the development of appropriate interventions to protect the respiratory health of children.