健康个体喉部与咽部咳嗽受体的定位：一项范围综述

文献信息

中文摘要

目的： 本研究的目的是识别并描述健康个体喉部和咽部存在的肺外咳嗽受体，以及它们敏感的刺激类型。
方法： 本范围综述已在开放科学框架中注册。该综述遵循乔安娜布里格斯研究所的方法学，并按照系统评价和荟萃分析首选报告项目扩展版范围综述清单进行报告。检索通过电子方式在LILACS、Scopus中进行，并手动检索灰色文献（Google Scholar、MedRxiv和ProQuest），同时通过引文映射和咨询专家进行。检索于2024年8月开始。本综述纳入描述健康人类个体喉部和/或咽部咳嗽受体的原始研究。数据采用描述性分析。
结果： 检索发现12项关于肺外咳嗽受体的研究，所有研究均描述了喉部受体，其中7项还描述了咽部受体。在两个区域仅报告了具有有髓纤维的快速适应受体（RARs），其主要对机械刺激作出反应。当描述受体位置时，位置并不一致，上皮和黏膜可能是可能的部位。
结论： 关于健康个体肺外咳嗽受体位置的数据具有异质性。在这些区域中，主要对机械刺激作出反应的RARs占主导地位，并通过有髓纤维将刺激传导至神经中枢以触发咳嗽。然而，纳入研究数量少且解剖描述存在变异性，限制了确定性结论。

英文摘要

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify and describe extrapulmonary cough receptors located in healthy individuals' larynges and pharynges and the types of stimuli to which they are sensitive.
METHOD: This scoping review was registered in the Open Science Framework. The review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and was reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews. The search was performed electronically in the LILACS, Scopus, manually in gray literature (Google Scholar, MedRxiv, and ProQuest), and by mapping citations and consulting experts. The search was initiated in August 2024. The review included primary studies describing laryngeal and/or pharyngeal cough receptors in healthy human individuals. The data were analyzed descriptively.
RESULTS: The search found 12 studies on extrapulmonary cough receptors, all describing laryngeal and seven of them also pharyngeal ones. Only rapidly adapting receptors (RARs) with myelinated fibers were reported in both regions, responding predominantly to mechanical stimuli. The locations of the receptors, when described, are not uniform, with epithelium and mucosa being possible sites.
CONCLUSIONS: Data on the location of extrapulmonary cough receptors in healthy individuals are heterogeneous. RARs that respond mainly to mechanical stimuli predominate in these regions and conduct stimuli to the nerve centers through myelinated fibers to trigger cough. However, the small number of included studies and variability in anatomical descriptions limit definitive conclusions.