耳鸣的历史：从古代解释到当代神经科学与神经调控
The history of tinnitus: from ancient interpretations to contemporary neuroscience and neuromodulation.
文献信息
| PMID | 42867651 |
|---|---|
| 原文 | 在 PubMed 查看原文 ↗ |
| 发表日期 | 2026 |
| 作者 | Regin William |
| 作者单位 | Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and Research Institute Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Puducherry, 607402, India. reginw6@gmail.com. |
| 期刊 | European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery |
| SCI 分区 | Q1 |
| IF | 2.3 |
| 研究类型 | 综述 Meta · 临床 |
| 所属专科 | 耳科 |
中文摘要
目的： 回顾耳鸣从古代文明到当代基于神经调控疗法的历史演变。
方法： 采用叙述性历史综述方法，检索PubMed、Google Scholar、历史档案、古典医学文献以及具有里程碑意义的耳科学出版物。根据历史重要性、与耳鸣的相关性以及对耳鸣概念化和治疗重大转变的贡献来选择文献来源。
结果： 作为一项非系统性叙述性综述，本研究追溯了耳鸣理解中的概念范式转变。早期文明将耳鸣归因于超自然原因，而希腊和伊斯兰学者引入了体液学说和临床理论。十九世纪确立了科学耳科学，将耳鸣根源定位于外周耳部病理。至关重要的是，现代神经科学促使人们从这些外周耳蜗模型转向中枢网络理论。这一转变推动了对特定神经调控方式的探索，例如重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）和双模态刺激。
结论： 耳鸣的历史反映了医学更广泛的演变，从迷信进步到循证神经耳科学。
英文摘要
OBJECTIVE: To review the historical evolution of tinnitus from ancient civilizations to contemporary neuromodulation-based therapies.
METHODS: A narrative historical review was undertaken using PubMed, Google Scholar, historical archives, classical medical texts, and landmark otological publications. Sources were selected according to historical significance, relevance to tinnitus, and contribution to major shifts in its conceptualisation and management.
RESULTS: As a non-systematic narrative review, this study traces the conceptual paradigm shifts in tinnitus understanding. Early civilizations attributed tinnitus to supernatural causes, while Greek and Islamic scholars introduced humoral and clinical theories. The nineteenth century established scientific otology, rooting tinnitus in peripheral ear pathology. Crucially, modern neuroscience prompted a paradigm shift from these peripheral cochlear models to central network theories. This shift has driven the exploration of specific neuromodulation modalities, such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and bimodal stimulation.
CONCLUSION: The history of tinnitus reflects the broader evolution of medicine, progressing from superstition to evidence-based neuro-otological science.