功能化干细胞及其衍生物在过敏性鼻炎中的应用与治疗进展及机制

文献信息

中文摘要

过敏性鼻炎（AR）以Th2/Th17/Treg免疫失衡和鼻黏膜屏障损伤为特征，当前治疗难以恢复免疫稳态。间充质干细胞（MSCs）及其外泌体可通过旁分泌途径发挥抗炎和屏障修复作用，但天然MSCs靶向性差、局部滞留时间短，限制了其疗效。近期的功能化及新型递送系统显著增强了其疗效，联合治疗策略显示出协同潜力。然而，目前证据主要来自动物模型，临床研究缺乏大规模、长期数据，不同来源的MSCs及工程化产品的标准化不足。未来研究应利用多组学和智能设计推进个性化治疗方案，为AR的非激素“免疫重置”治疗提供新方向。本综述系统总结了功能化干细胞衍生物在AR中的机制、策略及转化瓶颈，为后续精准细胞治疗研究提供了理论框架。

英文摘要

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is characterized by Th2/Th17/Treg immune imbalance and nasal mucosal barrier damage, and current treatments struggle to restore immune homeostasis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their exosomes can exert anti-inflammatory and barrier-repairing effects through paracrine pathways, but natural MSCs have poor targeting and short local retention, limiting their efficacy. Recent functionalization and novel delivery systems have significantly enhanced their efficacy, and combination therapy strategies have shown synergistic potential. However, current evidence is largely derived from animal models, clinical studies lack large-scale, long-term data, and standardization of MSCs from different sources and engineered products is insufficient. Future research should leverage multi-omics and intelligent design to advance personalized treatment plans, providing a new direction for non-hormonal "immune reset" therapy for AR. This review systematically summarizes the mechanisms, strategies, and translational bottlenecks of functionalized stem cell derivatives in AR, providing a theoretical framework for subsequent precision cell therapy research.