评估非处方助听器在老年听力损失人群中的有效性

文献信息

中文摘要

背景与目的： 听力损失（HL）在老年人中很常见，并与不良健康结局相关。尽管助听器（HAs）对轻度至中重度听力损失有效，但其使用受到费用和污名化的限制。为提高可及性，美国食品药品监督管理局已批准非处方（OTC）助听器。本研究比较了OTC助听器与处方助听器在轻度至中度听力损失老年人中的性能。
受试者与方法： 在这项前瞻性队列研究中，使用六种助听器模型对30名老年人进行了评估：一种处方助听器（ReSound ONE）和五种OTC助听器（Lexie B2、Vibe Air、Vibe Nano8、Jabra Enhance Plus和Olive Smart Ear Plus）。通过声场测听、言语识别分数（WRS）、噪声中言语感知（SPIN）和真耳测量（REMs）评估有效性。采用重复测量方差分析进行分析。
结果： 观察到听觉测试的显著主效应（p<0.001）以及助听器类型与测试之间的交互作用（p=0.010）。各模型在声场测听方面存在差异，而WRS和SPIN结果无显著差异。REMs表明所有设备均适配适当。
结论： OTC助听器表现出与处方助听器相当的性能，可能成为轻度至中度听力损失老年人的一种具有成本效益的选择。

英文摘要

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Hearing loss (HL) is common among older adults and associated with adverse health outcomes. Although hearing aids (HAs) are effective for mild to moderately severe HL, their use is limited by cost and stigma. To improve accessibility, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has authorized over-the-counter (OTC) HAs. This study compared the performance of OTC HAs with that of prescription HAs in older adults with mild-to-moderate HL.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, 30 older adults were evaluated using six HA models: one prescription HA (ReSound ONE) and five OTC HAs (Lexie B2, Vibe Air, Vibe Nano8, Jabra Enhance Plus, and Olive Smart Ear Plus). The effectiveness was assessed using sound field audiometry, word recognition scores (WRS), speech perception in noise (SPIN), and real-ear measurements (REMs). Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used for the analysis.
RESULTS: Significant primary effects of the auditory test (p<0.001) and interactions between the HA type and test (p=0.010) were observed. Variations were noted in sound field audiometry across the models, whereas the WRS and SPIN outcomes did not differ significantly. The REMs indicated appropriate fitting for all devices.
CONCLUSIONS: OTC HAs demonstrated a performance comparable to that of prescription HAs and may serve as a cost-effective option for older adults with mild-to-moderate HL.