下橄榄核的计算功能：来自进化的线索。

文献信息

中文摘要

小脑前结构主要在弱电鱼中研究，其作用是消除鱼自身运动对其接收到的电信号的影响，但并不直接控制运动，也没有明确的误差信号。小脑则直接控制运动——这可以说是两种结构功能上最显著的差异。小脑前结构与小脑本身之间最明显的解剖学差异在于后者拥有下橄榄核。这一结合提示，下橄榄核执行着运动控制所必需的功能。下橄榄核执行的关键功能是什么？总结 一条线索来自前庭眼反射的例子。允许图像移动会不可逆地降低视觉信号质量。因此，必须发出运动指令以防止图像移动，如前庭眼反射那样。但这样一来，小脑前系统的输出就不再是实际感觉信号的估计，也不再能作为误差信号。这个问题似乎已通过下橄榄核的进化得到解决，下橄榄核确实提供了误差信号。因此，下橄榄核使小脑能够参与运动控制。我们考虑关于这在实践中如何运作的证据。证据支持这样一种观点：下橄榄核的计算功能确实是为运动控制提供误差信号。

英文摘要

Precerebellar structures, mainly studied in weakly electric fish, act to remove the effects of the fish's own movements on the electrical signals they receive, but do not directly control movement, nor do they have a clear error signal. The cerebellum does directly control movement - arguably the most prominent difference in function between the two structures. The most pronounced anatomical difference between precerebellar structures and the cerebellum itself is that the latter possesses an inferior olive. This conjunction suggests that the inferior olive carries out a function that is necessary for the control of movements. What is the crucial function that the inferior olive carries out? Summary A clue comes from the the example of the vestibulo-ocular reflex. Allowing image movement degrades the visual signal irretrievably. It is therefore necessary to issue movement commands to prevent image movement, as in the vestibular-ocular reflex. But then the output of the precerebellar system is no longer an estimate of the actual sensory signal and can no longer serve as an error signal. This problem appears to have been addressed by the evolution of the inferior olive, which does provide an error signal. The inferior olive thus allows the cerebellum to participate in the control of movements. We consider evidence about how this works in practice. The evidence supports the view that the computational function of the inferior olive is indeed to provide an error signal for the control of movement.