远程捕捉吞咽和言语关键要素的技术：帕金森病科学现状

文献信息

中文摘要

背景： 吞咽和言语障碍在帕金森病（PD）中很常见，并可显著影响健康和生活质量。评估和管理这些功能的传统方法依赖于面对面就诊和大型、昂贵的设备，许多患者无法获得。健康技术的最新进展为远程监测和评估提供了机会，使得能够对PD中的吞咽和言语缺陷进行早期检测、个性化干预和纵向追踪。本综述综合了关于当前和新兴技术的证据，这些技术旨在远程捕捉PD患者吞咽和言语的关键要素。我们介绍了开发和使用的可穿戴单模态和多模态传感器方法、生物反馈设备、通过智能手机进行的声学分析以及旨在改善吞咽和言语某些方面的触觉提示的研究。此外，我们考察了人工智能在自动信号处理和预测建模中的整合，强调验证研究和临床可行性。我们讨论了与可用性、数据质量、依从性、数据安全和标准化相关的挑战，以及远程医疗驱动护理模式的机会。通过识别技术创新和证据空白，本综述为PD中远程吞咽和言语评估的未来研究和临床实施提供了路线图。这些进展有可能通过可扩展、非侵入性和以患者为中心的解决方案来管理PD中的吞咽困难和构音障碍，从而改变护理、减轻医疗负担并改善患者结局。

英文摘要

Swallowing and speech impairments are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and can significantly affect health and quality of life. Traditional methods for assessing and managing these functions rely on in-person visits and large, expensive equipment, which are inaccessible to many patients. Recent advances in health technologies offer opportunities for remote monitoring and assessment, enabling early detection, personalized intervention, and longitudinal tracking of swallowing and speech deficits in PD. This review synthesizes evidence on current and emerging technologies designed to remotely capture key elements of swallowing and speech in patients with PD. We present studies that develop and use wearable uni- and multi-modal sensor-based approaches, biofeedback devices, acoustic analysis through smartphones, and haptic cueing aimed at improving aspects of swallowing and speech. Additionally, we examine the integration of artificial intelligence for automated signal processing and predictive modeling, emphasizing validation studies and clinical feasibility. Challenges related to usability, data quality, adherence, data security, and standardization are discussed alongside opportunities for telehealth-driven care models. By identifying technological innovations and evidence gaps, this review provides a roadmap for future research and clinical implementation of remote swallowing and speech assessment in PD. These advancements have the potential to transform care, reduce healthcare burden, and improve patient outcomes through scalable, non-invasive, and patient-centered solutions for the management of dysphagia and dysarthria in PD.