风湿性疾病在喉部的表现

文献信息

中文摘要

风湿性疾病是全身性、免疫介导的疾病，常累及喉部，产生从轻微发声困难到危及生命的气道梗阻等表现。喉部受累可能先于全身性疾病出现，在充分的全身控制下仍进展，或成为活动性疾病的唯一表现。诊断依赖于柔性喉镜检查，并在有指征时结合疾病特异性血清学和活检。糖皮质激素、免疫抑制剂和生物制剂（如利妥昔单抗）构成药物治疗的基础，而手术范围从系列内镜下扩张到开放重建，许多患者需要重复手术。多学科方法可优化气道、嗓音和吞咽结局。

英文摘要

Rheumatologic diseases are systemic, immune-mediated disorders that frequently involve the larynx, producing manifestations that range from subtle dysphonia to life-threatening airway obstruction. Laryngeal involvement may precede systemic disease, progress despite adequate systemic control, or be the sole presenting feature of active disease. Diagnosis relies on flexible laryngoscopy with disease-specific serology and biopsy when indicated. Corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and biologics such as rituximab form the foundation of medical therapy, while surgery ranges from serial endoscopic dilation to open reconstruction, with many patients requiring repeated procedures. A multidisciplinary approach optimizes airway, voice, and swallowing outcomes.