阿尔茨海默病与嗅觉功能障碍：一项为期20年的系统文献计量与基因组分析

文献信息

中文摘要

随着全球人口老龄化的加速，阿尔茨海默病（AD）和其他神经退行性疾病的早期诊断和干预已成为重大公共卫生挑战。嗅觉功能障碍（OD）日益被认为是AD最早的临床表现之一，凸显了理解AD与嗅觉损害之间关系的重要性。本研究整合文献计量分析和基因组方法，系统描述2006年至2025年全球研究趋势，并探索AD与OD潜在的分子机制。从Web of Science核心合集检索与AD和OD相关的出版物，使用CiteSpace和VOSviewer进行文献计量分析，结果通过Scopus数据库进一步验证。共识别出1412篇出版物，表明过去二十年持续增长，并在2019年后进入快速扩张阶段。美国和中国在出版物产出和国际合作方面是主要贡献者，但研究发展在地理上仍不均衡。关键词分析显示，研究逐渐从行为和病理学研究转向早期诊断、生物标志物发现、治疗探索和先进技术。基因组分析识别出AD与OD之间1838个共享基因，关键枢纽基因包括AKT1、INS和ALB，参与与神经元功能、认知调节和嗅觉系统稳态相关的共同生物学通路。本研究全面概述了AD与OD不断演变的研究格局，识别了新兴趋势和潜在分子靶点，并为神经退行性疾病的早期筛查、机制研究和转化研究提供了有价值的见解。

英文摘要

With the acceleration of global population aging, early diagnosis and intervention of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative disorders have become major public health challenges. Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is increasingly recognized as one of the earliest clinical manifestations of AD, highlighting the importance of understanding the relationship between AD and olfactory impairment. This study integrates bibliometric analysis and genomic approaches to systematically characterize global research trends and explore potential molecular mechanisms underlying AD and OD from 2006 to 2025. Publications related to AD and OD were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection, and bibliometric analyses were performed using CiteSpace and VOSviewer, with results further validated through the Scopus database. A total of 1412 publications were identified, demonstrating sustained growth over the past two decades and a rapid expansion phase after 2019. The United States and China were the leading contributors in publication output and international collaboration, although research development remained geographically uneven. Keyword analysis revealed a gradual transition from behavioral and pathological investigations toward early diagnosis, biomarker discovery, therapeutic exploration, and advanced technologies. Genomic analysis identified 1838 shared genes between AD and OD, with key hub genes including AKT1, INS, and ALB involved in common biological pathways associated with neuronal function, cognitive regulation, and olfactory system homeostasis. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the evolving research landscape of AD and OD, identifies emerging trends and potential molecular targets, and offers valuable insights for early screening, mechanistic investigation, and translational research in neurodegenerative diseases.