聋人手语者观看古典大师绘画时表现出专家般的注视模式。

文献信息

中文摘要

视觉专长产生于对特定刺激的习惯性暴露塑造了注意分配和眼动模式。这种适应有时可以扩展到其习得领域之外，正如对受训人群的研究所示。然而，对于可能源于生活经验而非刻意练习的知觉技能迁移，例如早期耳聋结合手语掌握的情况，我们知之甚少。我们通过记录30名流利使用奥地利手语的聋人观看古典大师叙事绘画时的眼动来探讨这个问题。然后我们将他们与28名听力艺术史专家和30名听力非专家进行比较。尽管缺乏正式的艺术史训练，聋人参与者表现出与专家非常相似的眼动模式：更短的注视时间、对画面更广泛的探索、对象征性物体和编码手势的高度关注，以及减少对以面部为中心的观看的依赖。此外，聋人手语者和艺术专家的言语作品描述比普通观看者包含更丰富的视觉基础元素。这些发现揭示了知觉技能的迁移，表明与手语和早期耳聋相关的认知适应扩展到复杂的文化制品。

英文摘要

Visual expertise arises when habitual exposure to specific stimuli shapes attentional allocation and eye-movement patterns. Such adaptations can sometimes extend beyond their domain of acquisition, as shown in studies of trained populations. However, less is known about perceptual skill transfer that could emerge from lived experience rather than deliberate practice, as in the case of early deafness combined with sign language mastery. We addressed this question by recording the eye movements of 30 Deaf fluent users of Austrian Sign Language viewing Old Master narrative paintings. We then compared them with 28 hearing art history experts and 30 hearing non-experts. Despite lacking formal art-historical training, Deaf participants exhibited ocular patterns closely resembling those of experts: shorter fixations, broader exploration of pictorial surfaces, heightened attention to symbolic objects and codified hand gestures, and reduced reliance on face-focused viewing. Furthermore, verbal artwork descriptions by Deaf signers and art experts included a richer set of visually grounded elements than lay viewers. These findings reveal a transfer of perceptual skills, suggesting that cognitive adaptations associated with sign language and early deafness extend to complex cultural artefacts.