为专业用耳者创建耳与听力健康文化：关于挑战、管理与建议的当前观点。

文献信息

中文摘要

专业用耳者（PEUs），包括音乐家、乐器制造者或音响工程师，依赖高度训练的听觉能力来完成职业表现。鉴于这些需求，PEUs可能受益于量身定制的预防、诊断和治疗。耳与听力障碍在这些人群中常见且可能终结职业生涯，然而针对PEU的特定照护路径仍不发达。本叙述性综述综合了作者的临床经验与当前证据、建议和挑战，以推进PEU耳与听力健康照护的跨学科框架：预防音乐和噪声引起的障碍、关注非噪声风险因素、超越标准听力测试的先进诊断、 allied-health协作，以及针对职业后果的个体化治疗。尽管大多数证据来自音乐家，较少来自其他PEUs，但该框架广泛适用于听觉依赖型职业。借鉴能力-机会-动机模型以及表演艺术和精英体育中的类似文化，我们提出了行为和制度变革的具体锚点，倡导一种跨学科文化，整合医学、职业、教育和监管利益相关者的教育、监测和专科照护。对全面的PEU特定方案的经验性评估尚未进行。因此，此处提出的建议也旨在作为未来测试其有效性的研究基础。

英文摘要

Professional ear users (PEUs), including musicians, instrument makers, or sound engineers, depend on highly trained auditory abilities for occupational performance. Given these demands, PEUs may benefit from tailored prevention, diagnostics, and treatment. Ear and hearing disorders are common and potentially career-ending in these populations, yet PEU-specific care pathways remain underdeveloped. This narrative review synthesizes the clinical experience of the authors with current evidence, recommendations, and challenges to advance an interdisciplinary framework for PEU ear and hearing health care: prevention of music- and noise-induced disorders, attention to non-noise risk factors, advanced diagnostics beyond standard audiometry, allied-health collaboration, and individualized treatment addressing professional consequences. Although most evidence comes from musicians and, to a lesser extent, other PEUs, the framework applies broadly to auditory-dependent professions. Drawing on the Capability-Opportunity-Motivation model and analogous cultures in performing arts and elite sports, we propose concrete anchors for behavioral and institutional change, advocating an interdisciplinary culture integrating education, monitoring, and specialized care across medical, occupational, educational, and regulatory stakeholders. Empirical evaluation of comprehensive PEU-specific protocols has yet to be conducted. Therefore, the recommendations presented here are also intended as a basis for future studies testing their effectiveness.