聋人跨模态功能可塑性的差异：神经影像学研究的荟萃分析。

文献信息

中文摘要

背景： 聋人脑可塑性的一个明显表现是跨模态可塑性，即听觉剥夺的皮层被完整的感官模态所征用。虽然跨模态可塑性已被充分记录，但其潜在原则仍存在争议，主要集中在功能改变和功能保留原则。目的：为了定量评估这些原则，我们进行了迄今为止最大的基于坐标的荟萃分析，综合了47项研究（801名聋人和880名听力参与者），涵盖语言和非语言任务。结果：聋人在双侧颞上回（STG）表现出一致的跨模态激活。左侧前部STG在语言任务中被选择性征用，与保留的语言功能一致，而左侧后部和右侧STG在两种任务类型中均被激活，表明向领域一般性视觉处理的转变。跨模态激活是偏侧化的，语言任务激活左侧STG，非语言任务激活右侧。结论：这些发现支持差异跨模态可塑性框架，其中功能保留和改变在不同的STG亚区共存。

英文摘要

A manifest condition of brain plasticity is cross-modal plasticity in deafness, wherein auditory-deprived cortices are recruited by intact sensory modalities. While cross-modal plasticity is well documented, the underlying principles remain debated, centering on the functional change and functional preservation principles. To quantitatively evaluate these principles, we conducted the largest coordinate-based meta-analysis to date, synthesizing 47 studies (801 deaf and 880 hearing participants) spanning linguistic and non-linguistic tasks. Deaf individuals exhibited consistent cross-modal activation in the bilateral superior temporal gyrus (STG). The left anterior STG was selectively recruited during linguistic tasks, consistent with preserved language function, whereas the left posterior and right STG were engaged across both task types, suggesting a shift toward domain-general visual processing. Cross-modal activation was lateralized, with linguistic tasks engaging the left STG and non-linguistic tasks the right. These findings support a differential cross-modal plasticity framework, wherein functional preservation and change coexist across distinct STG subregions.