成人沟通与吞咽障碍的临床试验：为以患者为中心的护理构建证据基础。

文献信息

中文摘要

目的： 临床试验为确定干预措施是否安全、有效、具有临床意义以及适合转化为实践提供了必要证据。本引言回顾了临床试验的目的、核心特征和伦理要求，并关注新兴的自适应试验设计以及通过试验注册、方案发表和传播实现透明化的重要性。它还重点介绍了2025年美国言语-语言-听力协会研究研讨会“在成人人群中开展的临床试验”的贡献，重点关注成人起病的沟通和吞咽障碍，包括失语症、原发性进行性失语症、吞咽困难和沟通障碍。
结论： 研讨会上展示的研究和综述说明了临床试验研究如何通过优化治疗剂量、比较积极干预方法、支持分阶段行为干预开发、识别生理治疗靶点以及评估真实世界卫生系统中的实施策略，来加强成人沟通和吞咽干预的证据基础。这些贡献共同强调了言语-语言病理学家及相关临床医生具备临床试验素养的重要性，以便研究结果能够被批判性地解读并有效地转化为以患者为中心的实践。

英文摘要

PURPOSE: Clinical trials provide essential evidence for determining whether interventions are safe, effective, clinically meaningful, and suitable for translation into practice. This introduction reviews the purpose, core features, and ethical requirements of clinical trials, with attention to emerging adaptive trial designs and the importance of transparency through trial registration, protocol publication, and dissemination. It also highlights contributions from the 2025 American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Research Symposium, "Clinical Trials Conducted With Adult Populations," with a focus on adult-onset communication and swallowing disorders, including aphasia, primary progressive aphasia, dysphagia, and communication disability.
CONCLUSIONS: The studies and reviews featured in the symposium illustrate how clinical trial research can strengthen the evidence base for adult communication and swallowing interventions by refining treatment dose, comparing active intervention approaches, supporting staged behavioral intervention development, identifying physiologic treatment targets, and evaluating implementation strategies in real-world health systems. Together, these contributions underscore the importance of clinical trial literacy among speech-language pathologists and related clinicians so that research findings can be critically interpreted and effectively translated into patient-centered practice.